全文获取类型
收费全文 | 204篇 |
免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
教育 | 124篇 |
科学研究 | 11篇 |
各国文化 | 4篇 |
体育 | 49篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
文化理论 | 2篇 |
信息传播 | 14篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 13篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 9篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 22篇 |
2012年 | 15篇 |
2011年 | 9篇 |
2010年 | 8篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 3篇 |
2006年 | 9篇 |
2005年 | 4篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有205条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
162.
163.
164.
Louis Volante Christopher DeLuca Lenore Adie Eva Baker Heidi Harju-Luukkainen Margaret Heritage Christoph Schneider Gordon Stobart Kelvin Tan Claire Wyatt-Smith 《Educational Measurement》2020,39(4):21-29
The synergy, or lack thereof, between large-scale and classroom assessment has been fiercely debated in both academic and policy spheres for decades around the world. This paper seeks to explicate how different countries are utilizing large-scale testing and test results at the classroom level. Through country profiles, this paper analyzes contemporary developments on the tensions and synergies between large-scale assessment and classroom teaching, learning, and assessment observed across seven international jurisdictions: United States, Canada, Australia, England, Germany, Finland, and Singapore. The paper concludes with an analysis of international trends leading to a synthesis of root causes contributing to the current limited uptake of large-scale assessment results at classroom levels. 相似文献
165.
Christoph Grimpe 《Research Policy》2012,41(8):1448-1460
Although competitive funding of public research has been characterised as providing output incentives that raise efficiency and productivity, we know very little about whether the quality of a scientist's research is in fact the primary award criterion on which funding bodies base their grant decision. This paper provides insights into scientists’ strategies for obtaining project-based research funding in the presence of multiple funding opportunities. It draws a distinction between four types of grants, including the Sixth Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP6), government, foundation, and industry grants. Based on a sample of more than 800 scientists at universities and public research institutes in Germany, the results indicate that scientist productivity measured in terms of publication and patent stock is a statistically significant determinant only for obtaining foundation and industry grants while the award of an FP6 or government grant is influenced by other characteristics. The results further show that the different grants are not complementary, i.e. scientists specialise in certain grants. In this respect, the analysis informs science, technology and innovation policy about potential discrepancies between policy rhetoric, stipulated award criteria, and actual funding outcomes which makes it possible to fine-tune the debate on how public research should be financed. 相似文献
166.
Abstract Several recent investigations showed that the best marathon time of an individual athlete is also a strong predictor variable for the race time in a 100-km ultra-marathon. We investigated similarities and differences in anthropometry and training characteristics between 166 100-km ultra-marathoners and 126 marathoners in recreational male athletes. The association of anthropometric variables and training characteristics with race time was assessed by using bi- and multi-variate analysis. Regarding anthropometry, the marathoners had a significantly lower calf circumference (P?0.05) and a significantly thicker skinfold at pectoral (P?0.01), axilla (P?0.05), and suprailiacal sites (P?0.05) compared to the ultra-marathoners. Considering training characteristics, the marathoners completed significantly fewer hours (P?0.001) and significantly fewer kilometres (P?0.001) during the week, but they were running significantly faster during training (P?0.001). The multi-variate analysis showed that age (P?0.0001), body mass (P?=?0.011), and percent body fat (P?=?0.019) were positively and weekly running kilometres (P?0.0001) were negatively related to 100-km race times in the ultra-marathoners. In the marathoners, percent body fat (P?=?0.002) was positively and speed in running training (P?0.0001) was negatively associated with marathon race times. In conclusion, these data suggest that performance in both marathoners and 100-km ultra-marathoners is inversely related to body fat. Moreover, marathoners rely more on speed in running during training whereas ultra-marathoners rely on volume in running training. 相似文献
167.
Weitkunat T Knechtle B Knechtle P Rüst CA Rosemann T 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(10):1003-1013
Body mass changes during ultra-endurance performances have been described for running, cycling and for swimming in a heated pool. The present field study of 20 male and 11 female open-water swimmers investigated the changes in body composition and hydration status during an ultra-endurance event. Body mass, both estimated fat mass and skeletal muscle mass, haematocrit, plasma sodium concentration ([Na+]) and urine specific gravity were determined. Energy intake, energy expenditure and fluid intake were estimated. Males experienced significant reductions in body mass (-0.5 %) and skeletal muscle mass (-1.1 %) (P < 0.05) during the race compared to females who showed no significant changes with regard to these variables (P > 0.05). Changes in percent body fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass were heterogeneous and did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05) between gender groups. Fluid intake relative to plasma volume was higher in females than in males during the ultra-endurance event. Compared to males, females' average increase in haematocrit was 3.3 percentage points (pp) higher, urine specific gravity decrease 0.1 pp smaller, and plasma [Na+] 1.3 pp higher. The observed patterns of fluid intake, changes in plasma volume, urine specific gravity, and plasma [Na+] suggest that, particularly in females, a combination of fluid shift from blood vessels to interstitial tissue, facilitated by skeletal muscle damage, as well as exercise-associated hyponatremia had occurred. To summarise, changes in body composition and hydration status are different in male compared to female open-water ultra-endurance swimmers. 相似文献
168.
Christoph Randler Franz X. Bogner 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2009,7(2):315-337
Teaching and learning approaches in ecology very often follow linear conceptions of ecosystems. Empirical studies with an
ecological focus consistent with existing syllabi and focusing on cognitive achievement are scarce. Consequently, we concentrated
on a classroom unit that offers learning materials and highlights the existing complexity rather than following linear conceptions.
We developed an educational unit consisting of 14 individual lessons (”ecosystem lake”) with the aim of increasing pupils’
cognitive achievement in 8th and 9th grade secondary schools. To evaluate our approach, we chose a quasi-experimental design
and five teachers with ten classes participated in our study. A matched-pair tandem-design was provided by five German teachers
using first his/her conventional approach in one class (instruction-1; control group) and second, our modern ecological approach
in their second class (instruction-2). Pupils subjected to the latter performed better, i.e., achieved higher scores, especially
in the delayed post-test. Further, we found a teacher effect and an interaction between treatment (i.e., whether treatment
or control class) and the teacher regarding the class test. Teachers had a significant influence on the learning outcome irrespective
of the educational unit, i.e., some teachers generally produced higher achievement than others. Further, the interaction showed
that some teachers coped better with their traditional teaching. Nevertheless, in retention (delayed post-test) all classes
of the modern approach scored higher than the traditionally taught ones. Boys and girls benefited equally from our program
and pupils from the modern approach rated the educational unit better.
Figure 1 Overview over the educational unit “ecosystem lake” 相似文献
169.
170.
Huber Stephan Gerhard Helm Christoph 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2020,32(2):237-270
Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability - The crisis caused by the COVID-19 virus has far-reaching effects in the field of education, as schools were closed in March 2020 in many... 相似文献