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91.
The transition from primary to secondary education is regarded as a crucial phase in pupils’ school careers. Changes in the school environment have a negative influence on pupils’ perceived control and engagement. However, until now little attention has been devoted to the role of the onset of ability grouping therein, which often coincides with the start of secondary education. Research has shown that students in non-academic tracks display lower levels of perceived control and engagement. In this study we examine the relation between pupils’ prospective track choice and feelings of perceived control and behavioural and cognitive engagement before the transition to secondary education. Stepwise multilevel regression models were run on data collected from pupils in their last year of primary education in 36 schools in the cities of Antwerp and Ghent (Flanders, Belgium) in May–June 2016. The results show that pupils who indicated that they would start secondary education in non-academic tracks displayed lower levels of perceived control and behavioural and cognitive engagement than pupils who indicated that they would start in an academic track. Further analyses suggest that teacher assessments of pupils’ competence play an important role in explaining these differences according to prospective track choice—with regard to perceived control and behavioural disengagement, this effect is established net of students’ actual competence. This study demonstrates that differences in perceived control and engagement according to track originate in primary education, and that primary school teachers play a vital part in labelling students according to their future careers. 相似文献
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93.
Rebecca Shankland Christophe Genolini Lionel Riou França Julien-Daniel Guelfi Serban Ionescu 《Higher Education》2010,59(3):353-366
The present longitudinal study measured student adjustment to higher education, comparing 50 participants from alternative
schools (Steiner, Montessori, New Schools) with 80 students from the traditional school system. We hypothesized that students
from alternative schools adapt better, because of greater perceived social support, academic self-efficacy, and task-oriented
coping styles. Measures were taken during the last school year (baseline characteristics), and at the beginning of the first
and last terms of the first year in higher education. The quality of adjustment was assessed through academic results, and
physical and psychological well-being. The following instruments were used: the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by Spielberger
(1983), the 13-items Depression Inventory by Beck et al. (1961), the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations by Endler and Parker (1990), and semi-directed interviews. Results show that students from alternative schools adjust better to higher education: they
report less anxiety and depression symptoms, and show greater life satisfaction and academic achievement. 相似文献
94.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Index of Coordination (IdC) and the propulsive phase durations can differentiate performance level during a maximal 400-m front crawl swim trial. Sixteen male swimmers constituted two groups based on performance level (G1: experts; G2: recreational). All participants swam the 400-m front crawl at maximal speed. Video analysis determined the stroke (swimming speed, stroke length, stroke rate) and coordination (IdC) parameters for every 50 m. Both stroke and coordination parameters discriminated performance level. The expert group had significantly higher values for speed and stroke length and lower values for the relative propulsive phase duration and IdC (p < .05). However there was no significant change in coordination parameters for either group throughout the trial. This suggests that, when associated with greater stroke length, catch-up coordination can be an efficient coordination mode that reflects optimal drag/propulsion adaptation. This finding provides new insight into swimmers' adaptations in a middle-distance event. 相似文献
95.
Jan G. Bourgois Margot Callewaert Bert Celie Dirk De Clercq Jan Boone 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(10):973-979
This study investigates the physiological responses to upwind sailing on a laser emulation ergometer and analyses the components of the physical profile that determine the physiological responses related to sailing level. Ten male high-level laser sailors performed an upwind sailing test, incremental cycling test and quadriceps strength test. During the upwind sailing test, heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake, ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and lactate concentration were measured, combined with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electromyography (EMG) registration of the M. Vastus lateralis. Repeated measures ANOVA showed for the cardio-respiratory, metabolic and muscles responses (mean power frequency [MPF], root mean square [RMS], deoxy[Hb+Mb]) during the upwind sailing test an initial significant increase followed by a stabilisation, despite a constant increase in RPE. Stepwise regression analysis showed that better sailing level was for 46.5% predicted by lower MPF decrease. Lower MPF decrease was for 57.8% predicted by a higher maximal isometric quadriceps strength. In conclusion, this study indicates that higher sailing level was mainly determined by a lower rate of neuromuscular fatigue during the upwind sailing test (as indicated by MPF decrease). Additionally, the level of neuromuscular fatigue was mainly determined by higher maximal isometric quadriceps strength stressing the importance of resistance training in the planning of training. 相似文献
96.
Dorfner Tobias Förtsch Christian Boone William Neuhaus Birgit J. 《Research in Science Education》2019,49(5):1457-1491
Research in Science Education - A number of studies on single instructional quality features have been reported for mathematics and science instruction. For summarizing single instructional quality... 相似文献
97.
Akihiko Masuda Matthew S. Boone 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2011,33(4):266-279
The present study examined whether mental health stigma (i.e., negative attitudes toward people with a psychological disorder)
and self-concealment are unique predictors of help-seeking attitudes in Asian American and European American college students
with no history of seeking professional psychological services. The Asian American group had less favorable help-seeking attitudes
overall, lower levels of stigma tolerance and interpersonal openness, greater mental health stigma, and greater self-concealment
than the European American group. Mental health stigma and self-concealment were unique predictors of help-seeking attitudes
overall in both groups. However, mental health stigma was not a unique predictor of recognition of need for psychotherapeutic
help and confidence in mental health practitioners, the components of help-seeking attitudes theorized to be most associated
with actual help-seeking behavior. Self-concealment was a unique predictor of confidence in mental health practitioners in
the Asian American group, but not in the European American group. 相似文献
98.
Sofie Debaere Christophe Delecluse Dirk Aerenhouts Friso Hagman Ilse Jonkers 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(4):452-462
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in joint power generation between well-trained adult athletes and young sprinters from block clearance to initial contact of second stance. Eleven under 16 (U16) and 18 under 18 (U18) promising sprinters executed an explosive start action. Fourteen well-trained adult sprinters completed the exact same protocol. All athletes were equipped with 74 spherical reflective markers, while an opto-electronic motion analysis system consisting of 12 infrared cameras (250 Hz, MX3, Vicon, Oxford Metrics, UK) and 2 Kistler force plates (1,000 Hz) was used to collect the three-dimensional marker trajectories and ground reaction forces (Nexus, Vicon). Three-dimensional kinematics, kinetics, and power were calculated (Opensim) and time normalised from the first action after gunshot until initial contact of second stance after block clearance. This study showed that adult athletes rely on higher knee power generation during the first stance to induce longer step length and therefore higher velocity. In younger athletes, power generation of hip was more dominant. 相似文献
99.
100.
Journal of Science Teacher Education - 相似文献