关联理论与汉语句末虚词的语篇功能

现代汉语句末虚词"啊/呀""吧""呢""嘛"等,一般称为"情态虚词",以别于具有较多实质语义或语法功能的"了""吗""的"等虚词.其实,前者固然表达情态,如分别表示,"关注""存疑""深究""确信"等;但此等虚词对于篇章的连接,也具有非常重要的作用.从关联理论及语篇标记的视角,参照以往研究,对该等情态虚词之语篇功能考察,可以看到:(一)"啊/呀"除了对当时的情景或对话内容表示"关注"而外,尚有特别标示"该语句乃针对当前语境而发"的功能;(二)"吧"除了标示"存疑"而外,尚有标示"该句乃针对先前所说或所发生的情景而发";(三)"呢"主要标示两种不同的、但前后呼应的语篇功能:(1)寻求与上文对比,(2)要求继续对话.这三个句末虚词,在语篇组织上,均具有增强关联性的功能.故除了当作"情态虚词"处理而外,还可以看作是"语篇标记".作为语篇标记,其强弱排序应为:呢>吧>啊/呀.此一排序,恰恰与其情态性质之强弱相反:呢<吧<啊/呀.     

汉英语法研究史分析

本文主要通过对比汉英语法研究史,分析英汉语法学家在语法研究上的不同,并由此提出语法研究应该注意的两个问题。     

云平台驱动的应急决策情报工程架构研究

[目的/意义]将情报工程思维融入云平台驱动的应急决策，旨在使应急决策更具效率性、科学性。[方法/过程]分析应急决策需求特性，在工程价值模型和情报系统基础上引入情报工程思维，即"事实数据"+"方法工具"+"专家智慧"3个要素，进而构建云平台驱动的应急决策情报工程架构。[结果/结论]云平台驱动的应急决策情报工程架构根据函数效应，从需求层（聚合需求，甄选信息）、工作层（挖掘情报，提升价值）、运行层（整合知识，集成智慧）以及服务层（快速响应，精准服务）4方面构建，使应急决策情报工程化及平行化，为应急决策在实际应用中提供一定思路。     

论图书馆自动备份系统的建构

自动备份系统的构建有利于数据备份管理，快速恢复系统和数据，保证业务高可用性运行。结合中国人民大学图书馆重要数据备份和恢复实际需求，探讨自动备份系统在图书馆中的实现。     

Neural networks-based adaptive output feedback control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with input delay and disturbances

This paper focuses on the problem of adaptive output feedback control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with input delay and disturbances. Radial basis function neural networks (NNs) are employed to approximate the unknown functions and an NN observer is constructed to estimate the unmeasurable system states. Moreover, an auxiliary system is introduced to compensate for the effect of input delay. With the aid of the backstepping technique and Lyapunov stability theorem, an adaptive NN output feedback controller is designed which can guarantee the boundedness of all the signals in the closed-loop systems. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

中国科学院文献情报系统实施体制改革组建"中国科学院国家科学图书馆"

在中国科学院组织实施“三期知识创新工程”建设的总体框架下，中国科学院党组决定在文献情报系统实施体制机制改革，整合院级文献情报机构，组建中国科学院国家科学图书馆。     

基于“任务驱动+项目导向”的嵌入式系统设计课程教学研究与实践

分析了自动化类等相关专业嵌入式系统设计课程教学中存在的问题,进而对该课程的教学方法、教学手段、考核方式进行了改革和实践。在该课程的教学中引入慕课等线上资源,充分利用微信教学立方等现代教学手段进行课堂互动,并通过"任务驱动+项目导向"的教学模式督促学生自主完成学习任务。     

Real-time dynamics in the interaction between a trial stimulus and its temporal context

Learning & Behavior - Real-time changes in the interaction of a trial stimulus and the temporal properties of the interfood context were observed. An autoshaping procedure with pigeons...     

四川紫菊属二新种

Two new species of the genus Notoseris (Compositae) are  describep from Sichuan Province, China. They are Notoseris nanchuanensis Shih,  N. dolicho- phylla Shih.     

Adaptive finite-time control for stochastic nonlinear systems subject to unknown covariance noise

This paper is devoted to the adaptive finite-time control for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems driven by the noise of covariance. The traditional growth conditions assumed on the drift and diffusion terms are removed through a technical lemma, and the negative effect generated by unknown covariance noise is compensated by combining adaptive control technique with backstepping recursive design. Then, without imposing any growth assumptions, a smooth adaptive state-feedback controller is skillfully designed and analyzed with the help of the adding a power integrator method and stochastic backstepping technique. Distinctive from the global stability in probability or asymptotic stability in probability obtained in related work, the proposed design algorithm can guarantee the solution of the closed-loop system to be finite-time stable in probability. Finally, a stochastic simple pendulum system is skillfully constructed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.