Indigenous Crisis Counseling in Taiwan: An Exploratory Qualitative Case Study of an Expert Therapist

In this study, we adopted a single qualitative case study method to explore and examine indigenous approaches to crisis counseling in Taiwan, through the distinct lens of an expert Taiwanese counseling psychologist. In-depth, open-ended interviews were conducted with the psychologist (as the case) to document her lived clinical experiences counseling a grief-stricken Taiwanese family in crisis (as the context). Using open-code data analysis, five cultural themes were abstracted from the interviews: a) significance of counselor’s authority and expertness; b) primacy of client-counselor rapport and relationship; c) centrality of collective familism; d) observance of indigenous grief response and process; and e) adherence to face-saving communication and interpersonal patterns. Implications for implementing crisis counseling practice and research with native Taiwanese/Chinese clients based on these preliminary findings are discussed.     

玫瑰红石蒜的染色体核型分析

The  present paper embodies the results of a karyotypic analysis for the species Lycoris rosea Traub et Moldenke.  The voucher specimen, J. Z. Lin 004 is pre- served in the Herbarium of Hanchow Botanical Garden. The chromosome number in root tip cells is found for the first time to be 22, and the karyotype is shown to be an asymme- trical one with rod-shaped chromosomes. A photomicrograph, the karyotype and the idiog- ram are shown in Figs. 1-2. According to Levan et aL.[5], the karyotype formula of the species is 2n=22=22t. But based on the classification presented by Bose and Flory[1], the karyotype formula should be expressed as 2n=22 =C22, and the chromosomes are all with subterminal constrictions.       If regarding 11 as the basic number and centric fusion as the major tendency of karyo- type evolution as proposed by Inariyama[2], Stebbins[6], and Jones[3,4] in particular, L. rosea would be considered as one of the most primitive species in Lycoris from point of view of karyotype evolution. Reciprocal translocations and centric fusions would give rise to V-sha- ped chromosomes. Consequently, the successive decrease in chromosome number may have taken place in the speciation of the genus under discussion. Yet further evidence seems ne-cessary for the verification of the speculation.     

长筒石蒜的染色体核型分析

A karyotypic analysis of Lycoris longituba Y. Hsu et Fan was carried out. The voucher specimen, Z. G. Mao 10501, is preserved in the Herbarium of Hangchow Botanical Garden. The chromosome number in root tip cells of the species is found for the first time to be 16, among which 6 are large, V-shaped with submedian primary constric- tions, and the other 10 are short, rod-shaped  with terminal primary constrictions. Photomi- crograph of the chromosome complement and idiogram are given in Fig. 1-3 respectively. The karyotype formula of the species is therefore 2n=16=6m+6t+4t (SAT) in the light of the chromosomal terminology defined by Levan and al.[5]      Based on the view stressed by Jones[3] and Brandham[4], successive fusion of the ch- romosomes should be taken as the essential mechanism for karyotype evolution and specia- tion in Lycoris. Reciprocal translocation, with the loss of one of the centromeres, might be the mechanism of origin for a V chromosome. It is, then, suggested that the decrease in ch- romosome number as a result of fusion of the rods with terminal or subterminal primaryconstrictions has taken place in the speciation of L. longituba.     

知母染色体核型的研究

  A karyotypical analysis of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bung. of the monotypic genus Anemarrhena Bung. (Liliaceae) was carried out for the first time. The number of chromo- somes in root-tip cell of the species was found to be 22, agreeing with that reported by Sato[12], although inconsistent in some other respects, such as position of  centromeres, length of chromosomes, and nucleoli, etc. (Table 1 ). According to the terminology defined by Levan et al.［8］, the karyotype formula is therefore 2n=22=2sm (SAT)+2sm+18m. Photomicrographs of the chromosome complements and idiogram of the karyotype are given   Fig. 1 and 2).       The karyotype of Anemarrhena asphodeloides shows explicitly to be asymmetrical, with three pairs of long chromosomes and eight pairs of short chromosomes. This specialized feature, when considered together with the rare occurrence of the basic chromosome number of 11 of the genus within the Tribe Asphodeleae of Liliaceae (see Table 1), suggests that the genus Anemarrhena is probably a rather specialized one, which has scarcely any intimate relationship with the other genera of the above tribe. The fact that this specialized karyotype is associated with certain trends of morphological specialization, such as flowers possessing three stamens only, gives support to the above suggestion. But, it is impossible to draw a more precise conclusion without a more thorough and comprehensive investigation of the species in question.     

舟山群岛植物区系地理的数值研究

本文根据对舟山群岛种子植物348个种(及种以下分类单位)在18个地理单位的分布状况进行 计算机聚类分析和主成分分析(PCA)，表明了该群岛与我国大陆的浙江和江苏植物区系有着密切的亲 缘关系和相似性；与日本和我国台湾植物区系的联系则不如一般所认为的那样接近，当然，仍有不少十 分有意义的连锁植物存在于三者之间。     舟山群岛在植物区系区划上应为中亚热带北部亚地带，区系特点之一是岛屿植物较发达，而山地森 林区系则与我国南方植物区系相接近。     

AS/RS based yard and yard planning

In this paper, we apply the split-platform automated storage/retrieval systems （SP-AS/RSs） （Hu et al., 2005） to store containers in the yard to improve the yard performance and to increase the utilization of the yard space. The layout of an SP-AS/RS based yard is described in detail. To achieve an efficient operation, we present a novel yard space allocation policy called the ＇second-carrier-based allocation policy＇, which can help to alleviate the out-of-sequence problem of containers and the congestion of vehicles at the AS/RS racks. Different allocation policies are compared by an integrated container terminal simulation system. The simulation results show that the second-carrier-based policy is very efficient and has the potential to offer high terminal performance.     

A simple and inexpensive enteric-coated capsule for delivery of acid-labile macromolecules to the small intestine

Understanding the ecology of the gastrointestinal tract and the impact of the contents on the host mucosa is emerging as an important area for defining both wellness and susceptibility to disease. Targeted delivery of drugs to treat specific small intestinal disorders such as small bowel bacterial overgrowth and targeting molecules to interrogate or to deliver vaccines to the remote regions of the small intestine has proven difficult. There is an unmet need for methodologies to release probes/drugs to remote regions of the gastrointestinal tract in furthering our understanding of gut health and pathogenesis. In order to address this concern, we need to know how the regional delivery of a surrogate labeled test compound is handled and in turn, if delivered locally as a liquid or powder, the dynamics of its subsequent handling and metabolism. In the studies we report on in this paper, we chose ¹³C sodium acetate (¹³C-acetate), which is a stable isotope probe that once absorbed in the small intestine can be readily measured non-invasively by collection and analysis of ¹³CO₂ in the breath. This would provide information of gastric emptying rates and an indication of the site of release and absorptive capacity. In a series of in vitro and in vivo pig experiments, we assessed the enteric-protective properties of a commercially available polymer EUDRAGIT®L100-55 on gelatin capsules and also on DRcaps®. Test results demonstrated that DRcaps®coated with EUDRAGIT®L100-55 possessed enhanced enteric-protective properties, particularly in vivo. These studies add to the body of knowledge regarding gastric emptying in pigs and also begin the process of gathering specifications for the design of a simple and cost-effective enteric-coated capsule for delivery of acid-labile macromolecules to the small intestine.     

四川白珠树属二新种

Gaultheria lasiocarpa T. Z. Hsu and G. miyienensis T. Z. Hsu (Ericaceae) are des-cribed as new from Sichuan Province, China.     

吉祥草染色体核型的研究

Karyotype analysis for the species Reineckia carnea (Andr.) Kunth of the mo- notypic genus Reineckia Kunth is given for the first time. The number of chromosomes in root-tip cell was found to be 38, which is in accord with those reported by most of the pre- vious authors[5,7,8,9,11,12,]. The somatic complement shows a slight variation in size, i.e., the 2, 3, 5, 6, 7th pairs of the chromosomes have submedian constrictions, while the other pairs have median centromeres. The karyotype is therefore a rather symmetrical one, and accor- ding to the chromosomal terminology defined by Levan et al[4], the karyotype formula of the species is 2n=38=28 m+10 sm. In spite of the presence of two nucleoli in the te- lophase as observed by the authors and Noguchi[8] as well, the two corresponding Sat-chro- mosomes have not been found.  Photomicrograph of the chromosome complement and idiog- ram are given in Fig. 1 and 2 respectively.     

Entrepreneurs from technology-based universities: Evidence from MIT

This paper analyzes major patterns and trends in entrepreneurship among technology-based university alumni since the 1930s by asking two related research questions: (1) Who enters entrepreneurship, and has this changed over time? (2) How does the rate of entrepreneurship vary with changes in the entrepreneurial business environment? We describe findings based on data from two linked datasets joining Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) alumni and founder information. New company formation rates by MIT alumni have grown dramatically over seven decades, and the median age of first time entrepreneurs has gradually declined from about age 40 (1950s) to about age 30 (1990s). Women alumnae lag their male counterparts in the rate at which they become entrepreneurs, and alumni who are not U.S. citizens enter entrepreneurship at different (usually higher) rates relative to their American classmates. New venture foundings over time are correlated with measures of the changing external entrepreneurial and business environment, suggesting that future research in this domain may wish to more carefully examine such factors.