软式排球的教学效果研究

本文主要运用实验法，从技术、心理、身体素质三个方面对普通高校女生软式排球的教学效果进行了研究。研究结果表明，与普通排球相比软式排球运动具有技术容易掌握，教学效果较好，比赛回合较多，运动量大，趣味性更强，对增强身体素质有较好的作用等优点，并提出了首先在学校中普及软排运动，同时在机关、企业和杜区中推广软排运动以及加强国际交流，学习先进经验等建议，供有关部门参考。     

欧洲女子足球竞赛体系探析

运用文献资料等方法，从竞赛理念、治理结构、竞赛设置、竞赛赛制、竞赛管理等5个方面对欧洲女子足球竞赛体系进行研究发现：欧洲女子足球有更为先进的竞赛理念、科学的治理结构、完备的竞赛设置和严谨的竞赛管理。提出建议：健全治理结构，推进市场化进程；拓宽竞赛渠道，优化竞赛序列；提升竞赛格局，构建服务理念；填补管理空缺等。     

Enhancing students’ mathematical reasoning in the classroom: teacher actions facilitating generalization and justification

A proof is a connected sequence of assertions that includes a set of accepted statements, forms of reasoning and modes of representing arguments. Assuming reasoning to be central to proving and aiming to develop knowledge about how teacher actions may promote students’ mathematical reasoning, we conduct design research where whole-class mathematical discussions triggered by exploratory tasks play a key role. We take mathematical reasoning as making justified inferences and we consider generalizing and justifying central reasoning processes. Regarding teacher actions, we consider inviting, informing/suggesting, supporting/guiding and challenging actions can be identified in whole-class discussions. This paper presents design principles for an intervention geared to tackle such reasoning processes and focuses on a whole-class discussion on a grade 7 lesson about linear equations and functions. Data analysis concerns teacher actions in relation to design principles and to the sought mathematical reasoning processes. The conclusions highlight teacher actions that lead students to generalize and justify. Generalizations may arise from a central challenging action or from several guiding actions. Regarding justifications, a main challenging action seems to be essential, while follow-up guiding actions may promote a further development of this reasoning process. Thus, this paper provides a set of design principles and a characterization of teacher actions which enhance students’ mathematical reasoning processes such as generalization and justification.     

Changing classroom culture,curricula, and instruction for proof and proving: how amenable to scaling up,practicable for curricular integration,and capable of producing long-lasting effects are current interventions?

This paper is a commentary on the classroom interventions on the teaching and learning of proof reported in the seven empirical papers in this special issue. The seven papers show potential to enhance student learning in an area of mathematics that is not only notoriously difficult for students to learn and for teachers to teach, but also critically important to knowing and doing mathematics. Although the seven papers, and the intervention studies they report, vary in many ways—student population, content domain, goals and duration of the intervention, and theoretical perspectives, to name a few—they all provide valuable insight into ways in which classroom experiences might be designed to positively influence students’ learning to prove. In our commentary, we highlight the contributions and promise of the interventions in terms of whether and how they present capacity to change the classroom culture, the curriculum, or instruction. In doing so, we distinguish between works that aim to enhance students’ preparedness for, and competence in, proof and proving and works that explicitly foster appreciation for the need and importance of proof and proving. Finally, we also discuss briefly the interventions along three dimensions: how amenable to scaling up, how practicable for curricular integration, and how capable of producing long-lasting effects these interventions are.