The Role of Mothers' Child-Based Worth in Their Affective Responses to Children's Performance

This research examined whether American and Chinese mothers' tendencies to base their worth on children's performance contributes to their affective responses to children's performance. Study 1 used daily interviews to assess mothers' warmth (vs. hostility) and children's school performance (N = 197; M_age = 12.81 years). In Study 2, such affect was observed in the laboratory following children's manipulated performance on cognitive problems (N = 128; M_age = 10.21 years). The more mothers based their worth on children's performance, the more their warmth (vs. hostility) decreased when children failed in Study 1. This pattern was evident only among Chinese mothers in Study 2. In both studies, child-based worth did not contribute to mothers' affective responses to children's success.     

自闭症诊断理论的进展与困顿

现今越来越多的研究者关注自闭症认知障碍。本文探讨了自闭症的界定及诊断理论的进展,尤其是新诊断框架的优势、不同诊断标准间的一致性、以及诊断中如何应对发展变异性。文中也考察了一些有争议的问题,诸如诊断层级的适当性等“行为菜单”诊断模式的内在缺陷,自谱系障碍患者认知发展模式研究的新发现对诊断标准的挑战。     

解读自闭症的"心理理论缺损假设":认知模块观的视角

关于心理理论(Theory of Mind,ToM)习得机制的论争,特别是模块论与一般学习理论之间的论争,是近年来认知发展机制研究领域最为炙手可热的论题之一.而其中关于自闭症患者ToM发展异常的研究,已然成为这一论争的一个重要场所.本文试图基于来自自闭症儿童ToM发展研究的相关证据,论述模块论假设在解释这些事实上的效能及来自反对阵营的质疑,并尝试探悉该理论路线的发展方向.     

PASS认知成分和语音意识在中英文阅读中的作用

该研究旨在了解PASS理论包含的基本认知过程(计划、注意、同时加工和序列加工)与中英文阅读的关系.对三、四、五年级共102名被试施测了中英文阅读测验,中英文语音意识测验以及CAS认知评估测试.相关分析发现,中文识字量和阅读流畅性均与计划显著相关,英文真词辨认与计划和序列加工的相关显著,英文假词辨认则与计划和同时加工显著相关.回归分析发现,英文中,语音意识对阅读的解释力大于PASS认知过程,但计划、同时加工和序列加工的解释亦达到显著,中文中,PASS认知过程对阅读的解释力大于语音意识,且计划的解释力最高.结果既验证了PASS认知过程在英文阅读中的作用,也发现中文阅读有不同于英文阅读的认知特点.