Ammonium oxalate treatment: Evaluation by μ-Raman mapping of the penetration depth in different plasters

This study is focused on the evaluation by μRaman mapping of the penetration depth achieved by ammonium oxalate treatment in different plaster specimens, a hot issue in the conservation field. The role of the carbonatic aggregate particles and the influence of the different variables of the treatment on the penetration depth and on the distribution of the newly-formed phase (whewellite) have been ascertained. Based on the results of μRaman mapping, analyses with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy have been carried out in order to observe the whewellite crystals and the carbonatic aggregate particles involved in the reaction with ammonium oxalate.     

Teaching Preservice Science Teachers How to Do Science: Responses to the Research Experience

Journal of Science Teacher Education -     

Investigating Neutralization Strategies in Digital Piracy: The Role of Content Preferences and Social Norms

ABSTRACT

Digital piracy is perceived as a victimless crime and therefore still challenges media industries. According to the neutralization theory, criminal behavior is more likely if individuals are able to justify it. As little is known about inhibitors and drivers of these cognitive processes, the current study investigated such preconditions by linking neutralization to social norms and content preferences (movies and series) in order to explain piracy attitudes and behavior. Results of an online survey which adopted a conjoint-task showed that attitudes toward digital piracy mediate neutralization effects on digital piracy behavior. Injunctive norms and the preference for independent movies foster neutralization effects.     

The effect of playing formation on high-intensity running and technical profiles in English FA Premier League soccer matches

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of playing formation on high-intensity running and technical performance during elite soccer matches. Twenty English FA Premier League games were analysed using a multiple-camera computerized tracking system (n = 153 players). Overall ball possession did not differ (P < 0.05) between 4-4-2, 4-3-3 and 4-5-1 formations (50%, s = 7 vs. 49%, s = 8 vs. 44%, s = 6). No differences were observed in high-intensity running between 4-4-2, 4-3-3 and 4-5-1 formations. Compared with 4-4-2 and 4-3-3 formations, players in a 4-5-1 formation performed less very high-intensity running when their team was in possession (312 m, s = 196 vs. 433 m, s = 261 vs. 410 m, s = 270; P 5 0.05) but more when their team was not in possession (547 m, s = 217 vs. 461 m, s = 156 vs. 459 m, s = 169; P < 0.05). Attackers in a 4-3-3 performed ~30% more (P < 0.05) high-intensity running than attackers in 4-4-2 and 4-5-1 formations. However, the fraction of successful passes was highest in a 4-4-2 (P < 0.05) compared with 4-3-3 and 4-5-1 formations. The results suggest that playing formation does not influence the overall activity profiles of players, except for attackers, but impacts on very high-intensity running activity with and without ball possession and some technical elements of performance.