Congruence of student teachers' pedagogical images and actual classroom practices

An understanding of student teachers' pedagogical images plays an important role in helping teacher educators plan learning experiences. The purposes of this study were to obtain a profile of pedagogical images of a group of student teachers, and to assess whether there is congruence between their pedagogical images and classroom practices. Applying the conception of teaching model proposed by Pratt, Chan developed a questionnaire to evaluate teachers' views about teaching, which was modified here and administered to 59 first-year student teachers before and after their teaching practicum in physical education for secondary schools. Results indicated that the student teachers possess a Nurturing image, whereas in actual classroom practices, their approach was a mix between the Apprenticeship and the Transmission approaches. In other words, whereas student teachers conceive themselves as having a more child-centred approach to teaching, in reality, their practices constituted more a teacher-centred approach. The investigators considered that this type of information would be helpful for teacher educators when planning learning experiences.     

论社会资本——以周寿臣与晚清留美幼童为例

作为一种深具影响力的分析框架,社会资本理论近年来被研究者广泛运用.与肉眼能见、易于计算的经济资本不同,像人际关系、商业网络或社会联系之类的社会资本,则既抽象又不易被人察觉.虽然如此,社会资本有助于强化彼此合作,或是可以减低交易成本的作用却十分明显.周寿臣和晚清留美幼童之间的紧密联系,正好说明社会资本的建立、积累、深化和传递,让人看到资本在某些关键时刻或特殊事件上所发挥的巨大作用.其中三个层面或例子可以作为说明:(一)1881年,当周寿臣因未事先知会上司而擅自离开天津后被上海道台扣押时,如无留美幼童的及时援救,他应不可能摆脱牢狱之灾,更不可能获得转赴当时仍属清朝藩属的朝鲜任事的较好工作机会.(二)1881-1894年在朝鲜任职期间,周寿臣与其他留美幼童合作无间,协助袁世凯有效管治朝鲜大小事务,令袁氏印象深刻.到袁世凯大权在握时,周寿臣和幼童们自然深受器重与信任,获委以要职.(三)退休返乡后,周寿臣仍与留美幼童们保持紧密联系,无论大小事务,每当有需要时总会给予大力协助.     

Construction and Validation of a Chinese Value of Learning Scale (CVLS)

The Chinese Value of Learning Scale (CVLS) is a 5-item instrument for assessing the value of learning in Chinese culture. The psychometric properties of CVLS were investigated in a convenient sample of 583 Chinese soon-to-be-aged adults in Hong Kong. CVLS possesses high internal consistency and exhibited satisfactory short-term test-retest reliability. CVLS also exhibited high face validity and mild convergent validity with other 48-item openness-to-experience scale (OTES) from Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and is significantly related to the past and actual learning experience. In view of its brevity and easy administration, CVLS offers a useful instrument to further investigate the value of learning in Chinese culture and its possible relationship with adults' learning behaviour.     

Criminal justice theory: an introduction

Academic dishonesty has caught the attention of various researchers who document increases in its occurrence and variety. A review of empirical literature notes occurrence and types, especially of new kinds called “cybercheats.” Twenty-three law cases dealing with students who were charged with honor violations are also discussed throughout the paper. The paper discusses some of the newer problems of detection, i.e., cheating on tests in the classroom and cheating on outside assignments. Prevention is discussed in primary, secondary, and tertiary terms. Practical prevention strategies are offered from other criminal justice educators and an honor code coordinator who handled over 50 cases of dishonor for a large university. Prevention is important for professors because they have some control over the process and can help fend off a lawsuit, or when sued, defend oneself.     

Ventilatory acclimatisation is beneficial for high-intensity exercise at altitude in elite cyclists

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between ventilatory adaptation and performance during altitude training at 2700?m. Methods: Seven elite cyclists (age: 21.2?±?1.1?yr, body mass: 69.9?±?5.6?kg, height 176.3?±?4.9?cm) participated in this study. A hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) test and a submaximal exercise test were performed at sea level prior to the training camp and again after 15 d at altitude (ALT15). Ventilation (V_E), end-tidal carbon-dioxide partial pressure (P_ETCO₂) and oxyhaemoglobin saturation via pulse oximetry (SpO₂) were measured at rest and during submaximal cycling at 250?W. A hill climb (HC) performance test was conducted at sea level and after 14 d at altitude (ALT14) using a road of similar length (5.5–6?km) and gradient (4.8–5.3%). Power output was measured using SRM cranks. Average HC power at ALT14 was normalised to sea level power (HC%). Multiple regression was used to identify significant predictors of performance at altitude. Results: At ALT15, there was a significant increase in resting V_E (10.3?±?1.9 vs. 12.2?±?2.4?L·min^?1) and HVR (0.34?±?0.24 vs. 0.71?±?0.49?L·min^?1·%^?1), while P_ETCO₂ (38.4?±?2.3 vs. 32.1?±?3.3?mmHg) and SpO₂ (97.9?±?0.7 vs. 94.0?±?1.7%) were reduced (P?V_E at altitude as significant predictors of HC% (adjusted r²?=?0.913; P?=?0.003). Conclusions: Ventilatory acclimatisation occurred during a 2 wk altitude training camp in elite cyclists and a higher HVR was associated with better performance at altitude, relative to sea level. These results suggest that ventilatory acclimatisation is beneficial for cycling performance at altitude.     

Learn to Do by Doing and Observing: Exploring Early Childhood Educators′ Personal Behaviours as a Mechanism for Developing Physical Literacy Among Preschool Aged Children

Early Childhood Education Journal - The aim of this integrative review was to provide a synthesis of existing evidence on the impact of early childhood educators’ (ECEs) personal health and...     

Exploring the relationships between collective efficacy,perceptions of success,and team attributions

Abstract

We examined the influence of collective efficacy and subjective interpretations of success/failure on team causal attributions. The participants were 71 male and female high school athletes on 20 track relay teams. Before a selected competition, participants completed a collective efficacy questionnaire. Then, immediately after their race, they were administered a modified version of the revised Causal Dimension Scale-II. A multi-level framework was employed to assess collective efficacy as an individually held perception and as a shared team belief. The individual perceptions of team success/failure significantly predicted the locus of causality and stability dimensions, whereas aggregated collective efficacy emerged as a significant team level predictor of average stability. Individual perceptions of collective efficacy were significantly related to team control and this relationship was moderated by the sex of the team. The findings indicate that collective efficacy beliefs held by athletes and teams prior to a competition influence the formation of post-competition team attributions in sport.