A systematic review of the technology-based assessment of visual perception and exploration behaviour in association football

To visually perceive opportunities for action, athletes rely on the movements of their eyes, head and body to explore their surrounding environment. To date, the specific types of technology and their efficacy for assessing the exploration behaviours of association footballers have not been systematically reviewed. This review aimed to synthesise the visual perception and exploration behaviours of footballers according to the task constraints, action requirements of the experimental task, and level of expertise of the athlete, in the context of the technology used to quantify the visual perception and exploration behaviours of footballers. A systematic search for papers that included keywords related to football, technology, and visual perception was conducted. All 38 included articles utilised eye-movement registration technology to quantify visual perception and exploration behaviour. The experimental domain appears to influence the visual perception behaviour of footballers, however no studies investigated exploration behaviours of footballers in open-play situations. Studies rarely utilised representative stimulus presentation or action requirements. To fully understand the visual perception requirements of athletes, it is recommended that future research seek to validate alternate technologies that are capable of investigating the eye, head and body movements associated with the exploration behaviours of footballers during representative open-play situations.     

Recovering Predictor–Criterion Relations Using Covariate-Informed Factor Score Estimates

Although it is currently best practice to directly model latent factors whenever feasible, there remain many situations in which this approach is not tractable. Recent advances in covariate-informed factor score estimation can be used to provide manifest scores that are used in second-stage analysis, but these are currently understudied. Here we extend our prior work on factor score recovery to examine the use of factor score estimates as predictors both in the presence and absence of the same covariates that were used in score estimation. Results show that whereas the relation between the factor score estimates and the criterion are typically well recovered, substantial bias and increased variability is evident in the covariate effects themselves. Importantly, using covariate-informed factor score estimates substantially, and often wholly, mitigates these biases. We conclude with implications for future research and recommendations for the use of factor score estimates in practice.     

Intelligent information retrieval: diagnosing information need. Part II. Uncertainty expansion in a prototype of a diagnostic IR tool

This article is part II of a three part series. In part I we described the theoretical framework for developing an “intelligent information retrieval” tool, based on three principles from medical diagnosis theory. In part II, the present article, we outline a prototype of an “intelligent” IR tool, whose purpose is to facilitate information access for an undergraduate seeking information for a history term paper. Our objective is to create a tool that will (i) draw-out the undergraduate's query to the information system by taking the student through the task of doing the term paper and (ii) diagnose the student's information need by measuring his or her degree of topic integration. The degree of integration indicates a class of information need. The classes of information need are based on Kuhlthau's six stage information search process (ISP) model (each stage is a separate information need, demanding different information to satisfy it). The measurement instrument is based on (i) principles from Shannon's mathematical theory of communication and (ii) principles of uncertainty expansion and reduction from differential diagnosis theory.     

检验医学科技期刊新媒体内容需求现况及应对策略研究

如何打造科技期刊新媒体内容是每一个科技期刊不得不面临的重要选题.本文基于检验医学新媒体用户对内容需求现状的分析,提出应对策略.根据新媒体用户对内容需求的特点,在原创作者团队的构建、内容设计及内容合作模式上进行了 一系列探索,且取得不错的效果.发现传统科技期刊与新媒体的思维模式及关注人群截然不同,故新媒体的内容不能简单照搬科技期刊的原有内容,唯有以用户的实际需求为导向,深入行业进行内容创作,才能让科技期刊的新媒体不仅能服务期刊,还能与期刊实现互补,差异发展;同时让科技期刊新媒体呈现持久的生命力.     

Velocity effect of a lightning charge wave moving along a single wire transmission line

A wave equation solution for a moving charge on a simple one-wire, lossless transmission line is presented using Laplace transforms. The effect of lightning charge velocity on line potential as the charge moves along the transmission line is shown mathematically to be discontinuous should the wave velocity become the speed of light.     

An Englishman's Home is his Castle? A Response to Paul Willis's ‘Unemployment: the final inequality‘

This paper argues that Paul Willis's latest article is important in highlighting unemployment as a major form of inequality but that, just as in Learning to Labour, Willis's orientation is a male one and that this has the effect of marginalising and misrepresenting the interests of women. The paper further suggests that some of Willis's recommendations are somewhat anachronistic and also too class oriented. While we believe that class should be central to any analysis of unemployment, we would stress that gender and ‘race’ should also be central. Willis, we argue, has made an attempt to broaden his analysis but this has been largely unsuccessful. The paper concludes with a critique of some of Willis's terminology.     

Introduction to the Special Issue: Learning from Moshe, Hu Hu Zhu and Khokha: Insights into the Global Application of the Formative Research Component of the Sesame Workshop Model

For over three decades, Sesame Workshop has produced high quality educational media for young children throughout the world. The success of these productions can be attributed in large measure to the application of a systematic production model that brings together professionals from a range of backgrounds. Using examples from the six studies presented in this special issue, this paper illustrates ways in which one element of the production process - formative research - has been used to create effective educational media in the United States, South Africa, Egypt and China. Beyond the value to the production process, lessons learned from formative studies provide insights into the development of new research methodologies. In addition, such studies, when looked at in a global context, offer perspective on the knowledge and learning of children of different cultures.