博士生学费与博士学制变革

杂费与学费分离之后,对研究生教育的成本分析表明,博士生在非课程学习的研究阶段,学校没有教育成本付出,不应收学费。对博士生学习过程的分析表明,中间一年课程学习将研究阶段分割成两部分,从而造成知识生产与人才培养的双重低效率,博士生学制因此应该变为6年一贯制,将研究阶段的时间相对集中。对现阶段博士生机会成本与未来收益的研究说明,博士生资助是当前政策的关键。     

职业教育的“中国特色”问题

研究职业教育的“中国特色”问题,对于正确认识职业教育在中国改革与发展中的作用,促进职业教育发展具有重要意义。应立足国情,努力提升职业教育竞争优势,并解决好传统职业教育向现代职业教育转变、职业教育预期功能向实际功能转化、职业教育全球化与本土化统一等一系列问题,以使其更好地服务于现代化建设。     

美国小学德育课程模式历史转型及启示

德育课程是德育工作的核心,美国小学德育课程模式在数百年发展中经历了从单纯移植到建立国家德育体系,并随社会变革使德育课程模式逐步向现代转型,再到从小学德育的世纪改革走向综合德育课程模式新兴的演进历程。数次重大的转型推进了美国德育的现代变革,形成了一个兼容并包、整合互动的德育课程模式,对美国社会发展起了重要作用。     

How student perceptions about online learning difficulty influenced their satisfaction during Canada's Covid-19 response

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant challenge to higher education and forced academic institutions across the globe to abruptly shift to remote teaching. Because of the emergent transition, higher education institutions continuously face difficulties in creating satisfactory online learning experiences that adhere to the new norms. This study investigates the transition to online learning during Covid-19 to identify factors that influenced students' satisfaction with the online learning environment. Adopting a mixed-method design, we find that students' experience with online learning can be negatively affected by information overload, and perceived technical skill requirements, and describe qualitative evidence that suggest a lack of social interactions, class format, and ambiguous communication also affected perceived learning. This study suggests that to digitalize higher education successfully, institutions need to redesign students' learning experience systematically and re-evaluate traditional pedagogical approaches in the online context.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

• University transitions to online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic were undertaken by faculty and students who had little online learning experience.
• The transition to online learning was often described as having a negative influence on students' learning experience and mental health.
• Varieties of cognitive load are known predictors of effective online learning experiences and satisfaction.

What this paper adds

• Information overload and perceptions of technical abilities are demonstrated to predict students' difficulty and satisfaction with online learning.
• Students express negative attitudes towards factors that influence information overload, technical factors, and asynchronous course formats.
• Communication quantity was not found to be a significant factor in predicting either perceived difficulty or negative attitudes.

Implications for practice and/or policy

• We identify ways that educators in higher education can improve their online offerings and implementations during future disruptions.
• We offer insights into student experience concerning online learning environments during an abrupt transition.
• We identify design factors that contribute to effective online delivery, educators in higher education can improve students' learning experiences during difficult periods and abrupt transitions to online learning.

     

The Genealogy of the School: an iconography of badges and mottoes

This paper reports on an investigation into central features of institutional schooling that, collectively, constitute the ‘symbolic architecture’ of education. In particular, this paper provides an analysis of the practices associated with school uniform, badges and mottoes, drawn from a sample of over 500 schools in the state of Queensland, Australia. The analysis reveals a large degree of uniformity in the meaning content of these school icons, derived from a common core of educational values established during the formative decades of universal school but resting on older heraldic principles. The authors contend that the propagation of these values within the iconic discourse of schooling constitute a significant ideological practice that focuses a pupil's consciousness towards social norms and further reifies the institutional character of education. These processes are not ‐straightforward but are often contested in instances where pupils recreate mottoes in ways which mock the values that are consecrated in the formal symbols of schooling.     

From Data Collectors to Data Producers: Shifting Students’ Relationship to Data

This paper contributes a theoretical framework informed by historical, philosophical and ethnographic studies of science practice to argue that data should be considered to be actively produced, rather than passively collected. We further argue that traditional school science laboratory investigations misconstrue the nature of data and overly constrain student agency in their production. We use our “Data Production” framework to analyze activity of and interviews with high school students who created data using sensors and software in a ninth-grade integrated science class. To understand the opportunities for students to develop act with and perceive agency in data production, we analyze in detail the case of one student as she came to use unfamiliar technologies to produce data for her own personally relevant purposes. We find that her purposes for producing data emerged as she worked, and that resistances to her purposes were opportunities to act with and perceive her own agency, and to see data in new ways. We discuss implications for designing science learning experiences in which students act as agents in producing and using data.     

职业教育城乡均衡发展问题表征与统筹保障——以重庆市为例

通过对重庆市职业教育的调查分析发现,职业教育城乡统筹发展取得了一定的成效,但仍存在着公平性缺失引发的职业教育机会的区域性失衡,支撑性不足引发的核心教育资源的匹配性失衡,协调性孱弱引发的职业教育结构的局部性失衡,水平性阻滞引发的人才培养质量的效力性失衡等问题。造成这些问题的关键症结在于职业教育城乡二元化困境及相应的教育体制障碍。实现职业教育城乡均衡发展的关键在于彻底打破城乡分割、高职中职分裂、学校脱离行业的体制,重点在于为办学管理体制、投入配置机制、人事管理体制等提供统筹保障。     

成人女性性别课程开发初探——女性主义课程论的视角

目前的成人教育课程存在着"性别屏蔽"、性别角色刻板、忽视女性个性化主体、女性学习方式极端化等诸多问题。以女性主义课程论的有关思想为指导,成人女性性别课程开发应确立适切性的课程目标取向,配置内在化的课程开发主体,选编有特色的课程内容,采取针对性的课程教学方式。