Discrimination of what, when, and where is not based on time of day

Rats (n=6) visited four baited locations (randomly chosen on each trial; study phase), one of which was randomly selected to provide chocolate. After short (1-h) or long (25-h) retention intervals (RIs), eight locations were available, and the four locations not available in the study phase provided food (test phase); the chocolate location also provided food after long RIs. More visits to the chocolate location occurred after long RIs than after short RIs. Next, chocolate was paired with LiCl during the long RI (i.e., after encoding the chocolate location). Fewer revisits to the chocolate location occurred after LiCl than in previous testing with the long RI. The rats demonstrated complete transfer when grape replaced chocolate after LiCl-chocolate pairing. The discrimination of what, when, and where could not be based on adopting different revisit strategies at different times of testing.     

From Rhymes to Resistance: Hip-Hop as a Critical Lens in Promoting Socially Just Teaching

If an educator is to take a critical stance, teach students to do the same, and design lessons that engage students in thoughtful discussions and actions surrounding issues of social justice, then discussions of politics, race, culture, economics and systems of power are crucial to this work, and, the use of hip-hop is a worthwhile endeavour. In this article, three educators from very diverse backgrounds who have experiences at elementary and college levels, consider the ways in which hip-hop music and culture speaks to the lived experiences of students and has the potential to lend a voice to the seemingly voiceless while also meeting the demands imposed by mandated standards. Within the framework of critical pedagogy/critical consciousness, we discuss hip-hop pedagogy as a channel for capitalising on students’ lived experiences.     

Interaction in asynchronous discussion boards: a campus-wide analysis to better understand regular and substantive interaction

Education and Information Technologies - Discussion boards can provide a glimpse into the regular and substantive interaction required in online courses. Advances in technology and an increased...