Muscle activation,blood lactate,and perceived exertion responses to changing resistance training programming variables

Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE: 0–10) during resistance training with varying programming demands were examined. Blood lactate (BLa) and muscle activation (using surface electromyography: EMG) were measured as potential mediators of RPE responses. Participants performed three sets of single arm (preferred side) bicep curls at 70% of 1 repetition maximum over 4 trials: Trial (A) 3 sets?×?8 repetitions?×?120?s recovery between sets; (B) 3 sets?×?8 repetitions?×?240?s recovery; (C) 3 sets?×?maximum number of repetitions (MNR)?×?120?s recovery; (D) 3 sets?×?MNR?×?240?s recovery. Overall body (RPE-O) and active muscle (RPE-AM) perceptual responses were assessed following each set in each trial. Biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscle EMG was measured during each set for each trial. RPE-O and RPE-AM were not different between Trial A (3.5?±?1 and 6?±?1, respectively) and Trial B (3.5?±?1 and 5.5?±?1, respectively) (p?p?相似文献   

Evaluation and Research in College Counseling Center Contexts

A survey assessing the evaluation and research activities of college counseling centers was completed by 168 (of 373) directors. Assessment and evaluation activities are more prevalent than is research concerning student characteristics, outcome studies, or basic science investigations. The authors provide a rationale for increasing the level of research.     

On Explaining Change in School Subjects

Drawing on a recent empirical study of curriculum change in English secondary school mathematics, an attempt is made to develop a model for analysing how and why changes occur in the legitimacy of particular definitions of secondary school mathematics and science subjects. Specifically, the author seeks to articulate various insights from the work of Kuhn, Bucher & Strauss, Archer and Bhaskar in a manner which allows structural and interactional perspectives to be simultaneously brought to bear on the phenomenon of subject redefinition. Material from the empirical study is used, where appropriate, both to illustrate and support the arguments presented in favour of the model.     

EVALUATION OF TEACHING

This paper attempts to ‘lay out’ as clearly as possible some of my preconceptions and assumptions about the evaluation of teaching. The main focus is on teaching in higher education but I hope the ideas may be applicable to teaching in general.

The main reason for this analysis was a feeling of dissatisfaction with many of the papers I had read, but the attempt to make my assumptions as explicit as possible was the result of trying to understand the process of bracketing — a process central to existential‐phenomenological psychology in which one attempts to take a ‘transcendental attitude'’ ‘ to the world rather than a ‘natural attitude’. Whilst my understanding of this process may be inadequate, even faulty, I think the process has helped me to clarify my ideas about both teaching and the evaluation of it.     

Kohonen Self-organizing Feature Maps as a Means to Benchmark College and University Websites

Websites for colleges and universities have become the primary means for students to obtain information in the college search process. Consequently, institutions of higher education should target their websites toward prospective and current students’ needs, interests, and tastes. Numerous parameters must be determined in creating a school website (e.g. number of links, page size, use of graphics, utilization of dynamic elements, and menuing options). This research details a decision support framework based upon Kohonen self-organizing feature maps to determine students’ specific preferences for school websites. This research attempts to remove some of the subjectivity in designing a school website by finding the commonalities among websites that students find appealing and effective. Self-organizing feature maps are employed as a clustering method to compare the school’s current website to other sites that students find both appealing and effective.     

Effect of Students' After-School Activities on Teachers' Academic Expectancies

Teacher expectancies can have an impact on students' academic achievement. These expectancies can be based on diverse student characteristics, only one of which is past academic performance. The present study investigated three student individual differences that teachers may use when forming academic expectancies: the sex of the student, the family socioeconomic status (SES) of the student, and the student's after-school activities. Results indicated teachers held higher grade, graduation, and college attendance expectancies for females than for males and for middle-SES than low-SES students. Also, students who participated in extracurricular activities were expected to achieve more academically than either students who were employed after school or who did nothing after school. The latter two groups did not elicit different teacher expectancies. Interactions revealed that (a) lowest expectations were held for low-SES males who did nothing after school and (b) the difference in graduation expectancies between the SES groups was only half as great for students who took part in extracurricular activities than it was for students who had no involvements after school or who had jobs. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.