Development of system thinking skills in the context of earth system education

The current study deals with the development of system thinking skills at the junior high school level. The sample population included about 50 eighth‐grade students from two different classes of an urban Israeli junior high school who studied an earth systems‐based curriculum that focused on the hydro cycle. The study addressed the following research questions: (a) Could the students deal with complex systems?; (b) What has influenced the students' ability to deal with system perception?; and (c) What are the relationship among the cognitive components of system thinking? The research combined qualitative and quantitative methods and involved various research tools, which were implemented in order to collect the data concerning the students' knowledge and understanding before, during, and following the learning process. The findings indicated that the development of system thinking in the context of the earth systems consists of several sequential stages arranged in a hierarchical structure. The cognitive skills that are developed in each stage serve as the basis for the development of the next higher‐order thinking skills. The research showed that in spite of the minimal initial system thinking abilities of the students most of them made some meaningful progress in their system thinking skills, and a third of them reached the highest level of system thinking in the context of the hydro cycle. Two main factors were found to be the source of the differential progress of the students: (a) the students' individual cognitive abilities, and (b) their level of involvement in the knowledge integration activities during their inquiry‐based learning both indoors and outdoors. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

高校思想政治理论课实践教学新模式

加强实践教学环节，使大学生深入实际、深入社会生活，既是加强和改进高校思想政治理论课的重要方面，也是当前深化思想政治理论课教育教学改革的一个难点。依照现代教育教学规律，充分发挥教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用，构建以课程专题调研为主线，以引导式、参与式和研究式教学为特点，以学生团队学习为主要组织形式，以过程教育为重心的思想政治理论课实践教学模式，具有重要的实践价值。     

马克思关于人的本质的实践观论析

针对国内学者普遍将“实践”视作马克思人的本质的本体论蕴涵这一研究现状，笔者经过考察认为，对马克思人的本质问题的学术研究在研究方法、逻辑结构以及认识目的三个方面存有局限，通过综观原著得出结论：《1844年经济学——哲学手稿》同《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中的两处论断均非本质论，前者处在人类学层次，后者处在社会学层次。     

‘The sky is the limit’: higher education,gender and empowerment in the Bedouin community in the Negev in Israel

This article addresses the meaning that female Bedouin from the Negev in Israel give to higher education. I shall focus the discussion on the processes in which personal and social contexts merge into one another. Although there has been an increase in the number of investigations of the ways in which Bedouin women in the Negev in Israel participate in the public sphere, a survey of the literature reveals that no investigations have been conducted on the meaning educated women attribute to higher education during the course of their lives. Through an analysis of ten in‐depth interviews carried out between 1998 and 2001, this article examines issues such as gender, empowerment and social mobility amongst young Bedouin women in Israel.     

英德国家科研实验室机构的体制机制比较分析及借鉴

合理的管理体制与运行机制对保障国家科研实验室机构的建设和运行具有重要作用。该文从英德两国的国家科技体制简况、科研机构管理体制、运行机制等方面进行比较分析,着重于科研组织结构、人事管理制度、开放和流动机制、评估机制等方面。在大力倡导自主创新的形势下,新建国立和公立科研机构应大胆借鉴吸收外国先进经验,探索适合我国国情的科研机构管理体制和运行机制创新之路。     

英、汉难易结构对比

在Chomsky(1977，1982)和Kim（1996）的研究基础上，将英、汉难易结构进行了对比。一方面，英、汉难易结构具有相同参数值，另一方面，表面形态是难易结构的句子，在英文中只能理解成难易结构，而在汉语中，它有时还可理解成“假”难易结构。此外，在英文中，难易结构的语义只能由难易结构表达，而在汉语里，它还可以由“被动”难易结构表达。最后，也许正是由于英、汉难易结构在参数值方面的同一和他们在各自语言体系中与相关结构的关系方面的不同一，导致以汉语为母语的习得者学习英文难易结构的困难。     

Embodiment,social praxis and environmental education: Some thoughts

The body has been neglected and devalued in Western philosophy. This neglect and devaluation of the body is rooted in dualistic reasoning that has its origin in Greek philosophical thought, and reinforced by philosophers of science during the scientific revolution of 17^th century Europe. Dualistic reasoning is in part the cause of current global environmental crises. Moreover, it underpins different approaches to environmental education. In this article I explore the nexus of embodiment and social praxis generally and more specifically in relation to the construct of race. Difference (including race difference) has been given scant attention in environmental education literature in South Africa and I attempt in this article to give it some attention so as to move it into the spaces of our dialogues and conversations.     

有奖储蓄中奖号码的计算机分析

本文根据K.Pearson X~2的检验法,对中国工商银行浙江省分行1981年1月～1987年12月所有的由摇奖机摇出的有奖储蓄的中奖号码,利用电子计算机进行了统计分析.运算结果肯定了中国工商银行浙江省分行目前的摇奖方法是可靠的.也就是说,每个月在全省的某一地、市、县轮流用不同的摇奖机、不同的号珠,由不同的操作人员摇出中奖号码的方法,是行得通的.同时也指出,广大储户完全没有必要去择号购奖券,甚至买好以后再去调换所谓“中意的奖券,因为相对于信度10%而言,我们肯定了假设H:0～9这十个号珠中的每一个被摇奖机摇出的概率是相等的.”