2O世纪上半叶英国乡村成人教育的发展及其启示

“三农”问题一直是我国长期关注的重点问题,而改善农村整体水平的关键在于教育。重视农村成人的教育,将会发挥出成人的无限潜力,对于建设新农村有着重大意义。20世纪上半叶以来,英国乡村成人教育取得了很大的成绩,乡村社区委员会、乡村学院、妇女讲习会等组织的出现增强了对成人的教育作用。本文从史学的视角分析英国近代乡村成人教育的发展情况,挖掘历史经验,以便更好地为我国农村成人教育服务。     

以文化视角解读“赏识教育”

赏识教育是一种全新的教育理念。本文从文化心理学的视角对其理论基础和实施机制进行了剖析,以期更好地推动我国教育事业的发展。     

发达国家成人高等教育在高教大众化发展中的特色分析

以美、英、日三国为代表,分析了发达国家高等教育大众化发展道路特点,以及成人高等教育在大众化发展中的办学特色,表明二战后成人高等教育已成为发达国家高教大众化发展的重要力量。     

Relationship between maximal oxygen uptake and oxygen uptake attained during treadmill middle-distance running

Traditionally, it has been assumed that during middle-distance running oxygen uptake (VO2) reaches its maximal value (VO2max) providing the event is of a sufficient duration; however, this assumption is largely based on observations in individuals with a relatively low VO2max. The aim of this study was to determine whether VO2max is related to the VO2 attained (i.e. VO2peak) during middle-distance running on a treadmill. Fifteen well-trained male runners (age 23.3 +/- 3.8 years, height 1.80 +/- 0.10 m, body mass 76.9 +/- 10.6 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. The participants undertook two 800-m trials to examine the reproducibility of the VO2 response. These two trials, together with a progressive test to determine VO2max, were completed in a randomized order. Oxygen uptake was determined throughout each test using 15-s Douglas bag collections. Following the application of a 30-s rolling average, the highest VO2 during the progressive test (i.e. VO2max) was compared with the highest VO2 during the 800-m trials (i.e. VO2peak) to examine the relationship between VO2max and the VO2 attained in the 800-m trials. For the 15 runners, VO2max was 58.9 +/- 7.1 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). Two groups were formed using a median split based on VO2max. For the high and low VO2max groups, VO2max was 65.7 +/- 3.0 and 52.4 +/- 1.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) respectively. The limits of agreement (95%) for test-retest reproducibility for the VO2 attained during the 800-m trials were +/- 3.5 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for a VO2peak of 50.6 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (the mean VO2peak for the low VO2max group) and +/- 2.3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for a VO2peak of 59.0 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (the mean VO2peak for the high VO2max group), with a bias in VO2peak between the 800-m runs (i.e. the mean difference) of 1.2 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). The VO2peak for the 800-m runs was 54.8 +/- 4.9 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for all 15 runners. For the high and low VO2max groups, VO2peak was 59.0 +/- 3.3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (i.e. 90% VO2max) and 50.6 +/- 2.0 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (i.e. 97% VO2max) respectively. The negative relationship (-0.77) between VO2max and % VO2max attained for all 15 runners was significant (P = 0.001). These results demonstrate that (i) reproducibility is good and (ii) that VO2max is related to the %VO2max achieved, with participants with a higher VO2max achieving a lower %VO2max in an 800-m trial on a treadmill.     

Strategies for Developing a High‐Skilled Workforce

This article focuses on the human performance improvement and human resource development task of providing an organization with a skilled workforce. We begin by describing the U.S. demographic trends and the changing job skill requirements that will lead to a shortage of skilled workers and that highlight the importance of considering the various strategies that are available for developing a skilled workforce. Then, using perspectives found in the literature, we examine four strategies for developing a skilled workforce: (1) hire and then train the workers, (2) transfer individual workers, (3) relocate the work, and (4) create an educational infrastructure within a community to develop a workforce with the needed skills. We conclude by comparing the four strategies and identifying the advantages, disadvantages, and most effective uses of each.     

当代中学语文教学方法流派评述

当代中学语文教学方法，流派纷呈，语文教学在对传统方法的继承与创新中，在对国外教学方法的学习与借鉴中日趋走向成熟，教学方法流派逐渐形成，感知派，导引派，发掘派是当代中国语文教学方法中的主要方法流派。     

开放教育引入半开卷考试的实践与思考

半开卷考试是一种新型考试方式,它允许学生携带一张事先自行写好内容的专用纸进入考场考试。从福州电大的试点实践情况分析,这种考试模式对于开放式教育能够发挥积极作用,对其目前存在的一些问题,可采取相应措施加以完善。     

The Media and Educational Testing: In Pursuit of the Truth or in Pursuit of a Good Story?

The measurement community needs to better understand how to interact with the media to effectively disseminate important findings from educational testing efforts. To this end, the current paper will review media coverage of educational testing and related issues and elaborate on areas of concern and opportunities for improved communication between measurement professionals and the media. Common misinterpretations of test results and measurement concepts will be discussed and suggestions for the clearer presentation and explanation of such information will be offered. Also, practical advice and strategies for handling different types of interactions with the media will be provided. The implications of focusing on this topic in the measurement profession and the inherent public value of this focus are highlighted throughout the paper.     

大学生政治热情的社会学观察--从"传单"到"传销"的变化

我国高校大学生的政治热情从20世纪80年代末以来成为高校道德教育的一个“问题”。然而多种盛行的教育方法却基本没能对应学生政治热情之所以存在的根本原因，因此，也就难以找到行之有效的对策。本文拟从高校大学生在不同历史时期所处的不同社会制度关系角度分析其政治热情所隐藏的社会意义，从而揭示这种政治热情何以可能、何以可为。     

基于社区关系国际学生文化体验课程模式探究

国际学生课程因受疫情影响现阶段多数转为线上,而造成课程开展难度较大等问题。在此背景下,研究如何开展高质量的国际学生文化体验课成为当下国际学生课程教育研究的一项重要内容。基于社区关系视角,梳理了现行国际学生教育事业中文化体验课模块化、地域化和异步化的基本特征,针对特征总结得出国际学生文化体验课程“传统常态化”“地域特色化”“影像可视化”的发展现状,着力探究基于社区关系而构建的“家—校—生”一体化的国际学生文化体验课程模式,通过分析新时代国际学生社区文化体验课程模式构建中课程时长较难控制、协同完成存在风险、课程质量评价多样性等问题,提出了社区关系视角下的国际学生文化体验课程模式的实施路径,即师资互通共融、资源互用共享和共建社区家长学校。