基于浸入边界-格子波尔兹曼通量求解法的并列双圆柱流动特性数值研究（英文）

目的:本文旨在应用新型数值求解方法,即浸入边界-格子波尔兹曼通量求解法,研究并列双圆柱流动特性,并探索该数值方法在工程应用中的可行性。创新点:1.将浸入边界法与格子波尔兹曼求解法相结合,简单并高效地实现在非均匀直角网格下求解不可压流动以及动边界问题;2.应用浸入边界-格子波尔兹曼求解法研究并列双圆柱流场特性。方法:1.通过理论推导,建立状态变量和通量与格子波尔兹曼方程中粒子密度分布函数之间的关系(公式(8)~(10));2.采用强制浸入边界法处理流固界面使固壁表面满足无滑移边界条件,实现在笛卡尔网格下求解运动边界问题;3.通过数值模拟,探讨雷诺数和圆柱间距对静止双圆柱受力及流场尾流特性的影响以及雷诺数、间距和旋转速度对旋转并列双圆柱受力及尾流特性的影响规律。结论:1.浸入边界-格子波尔兹曼求解法可以简单实现采用非贴体网格求解不可压流动及动边界问题。2.对于并列静止双圆柱,随着间距的增加,双圆柱尾流场的相互作用逐渐消失,尾迹由无规则性转变为规则的同相位流动或反向流动;雷诺数影响圆柱受力系数。3.对于并列旋转双圆柱,雷诺数对旋转圆柱受力影响较弱;旋转速度可以抑制单圆柱尾流场的非定常效应;随着圆柱间距的增加,双圆柱后方形成固定的相位关系以及同一频率的脱落涡。     

Effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise on body composition,glycaemic and lipid profile and aerobic capacity of obese rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session on body composition, and glycaemic and lipid profile in obese rats. Sixteen lean Zucker rats and sixteen obese Zucker rats were randomly divided into exercise and sedentary subgroups (4 groups, n = 8). Exercise consisted of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session. The animals trained 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Body composition, lipid and glycaemic profiles and inflammatory markers were assessed.

Results showed that fat mass was reduced in both lean and obese rats following the exercise training (effect size (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 1.8 (0.5–3.0)). Plasma low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol and fasting glucose were lower in the exercise compared to the sedentary groups (d = 2.0 (0.7–3.2) and 1.8 (0.5–3.0), respectively). Plasma insulin was reduced in exercise compared to sedentary groups (d = 2.1 (0.8–3.4)). Some exercise × phenotype interactions showed that the highest decreases in insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, fasting and postprandial glucose were observed in the obese + exercise group (all, P < 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise would improve body composition, and lipid and glycaemic profiles, especially in obese rats.     

Remote effects of lower limb stretching: preliminary evidence for myofascial connectivity?

The skeletal muscles and the fibrous connective tissue form an extensive, body-wide network of myofascial chains. As fascia can modify its stiffness, strain transmission along these meridians is supposable. The goal of this trial therefore was to collect pilot data for potential remote effects of lower limb stretching on cervical range of motion (ROM). Twenty-six healthy participants (30 ± 6 years) were included in the matched-pairs intervention study. One group (n = 13) performed three 30 s bouts of static stretching for the gastrocnemius and the hamstrings, respectively. An age- and sex-matched control group (CG; n = 13) remained inactive. Pre- and post-intervention, maximal cervical ROM in flexion/extension was assessed. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed systematic differences between groups (P < .05). ROM increased following stretching (143.3 ± 13.9 to 148.2 ± 14°; P < .05) but remained unchanged in the CG (144.6 ± 16.8 to 143.3 ± 16.8°; P > .05). Our data point towards existence of a strain transfer along myofascial meridians. Further randomised controlled studies on conditions, factors and magnitude of tensile transmission are warranted.     

Accelerometer data requirements for reliable estimation of habitual physical activity and sedentary time of children during the early years - a worked example following a stepped approach

This study presents a worked example of a stepped process to reliably estimate the habitual physical activity and sedentary time of a sample of young children. A total of 299 children (2.9 ± 0.6 years) were recruited. Outcome variables were daily minutes of total physical activity, sedentary time, moderate to vigorous physical activity and proportional values of each variable. In total, 282 (94%) provided 3 h of accelerometer data on ≥1 day and were included in a 6-step process: Step-1: determine minimum wear-time; Step-2: process 7-day-data; Step-3: determine the inclusion of a weekend day; Step-4: examine day-to-day variability; Step-5: calculate single day intraclass correlation (ICC) (2,1); Step-6: calculate number of days required to reach reliability. Following the process the results were, Step-1: 6 h was estimated as minimum wear-time of a standard day. Step-2: 98 (32%) children had ≥6 h wear on 7 days. Step-3: no differences were found between weekdays and weekend days (P ≥ 0.05). Step-4: no differences were found between day-to-day variability (P ≥ 0.05). Step-5: single day ICC’s (2,1) ranged from 0.48 (total physical activity and sedentary time) to 0.53 (proportion of moderate to vigorous physical activity). Step-6: to reach reliability (ICC = 0.7), 3 days were required for all outcomes. In conclusion following a 7 day wear protocol, ≥6 h on any 3 days was found to have acceptable reliability. The stepped-process offers researchers a method to derive sample-specific wear-time criterion.     

挑战与选择——以历史内容为中心探讨历史与社会教科书的编写

半个多世纪以来，我国中学阶段人文社会学科始终秉承历史和地理学科分设的传统。其系统的知识体系、严谨的课程内容对于培养各个领域的建设人才功不可没。然而，随着当代社会、经济、文化等诸多领域的迅猛发展，人文社会学科教育被赋予了更丰富的内涵。单纯的、分门别类的人文知识的传递愈来愈不能满足时代对未来建设者提出的要求。     

Ankle and knee kinetics between strike patterns at common training speeds in competitive male runners

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of foot strike and common speeds on sagittal plane ankle and knee joint kinetics in competitive rear foot strike (RFS) runners when running with a RFS pattern and an imposed forefoot strike (FFS) pattern. Sixteen competitive habitual male RFS runners ran at two different speeds (i.e. 8 and 6?min?mile^?1) using their habitual RFS and an imposed FFS pattern. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess a potential interaction between strike pattern and speed for selected ground reaction force (GRF) variables and, sagittal plane ankle and knee kinematic and kinetic variables. No foot strike and speed interaction was observed for any of the kinetic variables. Habitual RFS yielded a greater loading rate of the vertical GRF, peak ankle dorsiflexor moment, peak knee extensor moment, peak knee eccentric extensor power, peak dorsiflexion and sagittal plane knee range of motion compared to imposed FFS. Imposed FFS yielded greater maximum vertical GRF, peak ankle plantarflexor moment, peak ankle eccentric plantarflexor power and sagittal plane ankle ROM compared to habitual RFS. Consistent with previous literature, imposed FFS in habitual RFS reduces eccentric knee extensor and ankle dorsiflexor involvement but produce greater eccentric ankle plantarflexor action compared to RFS. These acute differences between strike patterns were independent of running speeds equivalent to typical easy and hard training runs in competitive male runners. Current findings along with previous literature suggest differences in lower extremity kinetics between habitual RFS and imposed FFS running are consistent among a variety of runner populations.     

Inaugural Essay

New to the Journal of Archival Organization, the “Technology matters in archives” column examines how technology affects archives and archivists. This inaugural column explains the nature of the column and sets the stage for topics and issues that it will address. It examines the meaning of the term technology. Further, the column explores the notion of technological dependence-- not just dependence on digital or electronic systems--as a lens in which to examine the archival enterprise in grappling with twenty-first century issues. Concluding with the suggestion that technology can be considered from three categorical points of view: soft (philosophical approaches and practices), medium (codified processes, guidelines and standards) and hard technology (hardware and software).     

Using Google Forms to track library space usage

This article is a response to the excellent “Using Mobile Technology to Observe Student Study Behaviors and Track Library Space Usage” by Susan Thompson. Thompson reviews the literature regarding user counts on mobile devices and describes the California State University San Marcos (CSUSM) Library's evaluation of SUMA, Counter+, and CloudOn. After trialing these mobile technologies, CSUSM selected CloudOn. At New York University Abu Dhabi, we use Google Forms to conduct user counts on an iPad and Google Sheets to evaluate these data. We find that Google Forms are easy to set up, modify as necessary, and present the data in easy-to-manipulate spreadsheets.     

个体差异与计算机辅助语言教学的优势

介绍了计算机辅助语言教学的基本形式；同时以学习者的个体差异为着眼点，从学习者的认知、情感及社会性等方面论述了机辅语言教学的优势。肯定了机辅语言教学的优势，旨在为促进高校外语教学，培养满足社会需求的人才提供有益的建议。     

WebGIS支持的数字校园系统的设计与实现

目前我国正在向着数字化技术发展,并且数字化的校园已经成为了现代校园中非常重要的一部分.在建设数字化校园的时候,可以使用WebGIS技术来实现,促进数字化校园的实现进程.本文对WebGIS技术在辽宁大学数字化校园建设中的应用进行了分析,对其数字化校园进行了详细的设计,促进了辽宁大学数字化校园的实现.