成人教育对象的特点及其教学方法探析

本文分析成人教育对象新特点,并针对这些特点提出教学方法上应注重以下五个方面:加大实践性教学环节,增强学生的实际操作能力;更新成人教育教学手段;突出教学设计的作用;教师应不断提高教学内容的生动性和实用性,教学模式由理论主导向能力主导转变;由单纯传授知识向传授学习方法、提高学习能力转变。     

Science diaries: a brief writing intervention to improve motivation to learn science

This study investigated the hypothesis that prompting students to self-assess their interest and understanding of science concepts and activities would increase their motivation in science classes. Students were randomly assigned to an experimental condition that wrote self-assessments of their competence and interest in science lessons or a control condition that wrote summaries of those same lessons. Writing activities were 10?min long and were given approximately once a week for eighteen weeks. Student motivation was assessed via self-report surveys for achievement goals and interest in science before and after the intervention. Students in the experimental condition showed higher endorsement of mastery goals and reported greater situational interest in science topics after the intervention compared to students who summarised the lessons. Increases in situational interest predicted higher individual interest in the domain. Results indicate an instructional practice requiring just 3?hours out of a semester of instruction was sufficient to achieve these effects on motivation in science classes.     

观其一节:徐渭尚简尚短的美学思想

“观其一节”就是通过此物考察彼物,通过部分考察整体,通过现象考察本质,表现在文艺创作上便是其尚简尚短的荚学思想。这一思想突出地反映在徐渭小品文的简短体制上。徐渭作为晚明小品先驱作家地位的确立,不只因为他在实践上开创了小品文的新风气,还因为他的“观其一节”理论奠定了小品文的基本体制和审美品格。     

投资回报视角下的中职生源调控路径

中职学校从20世纪末开始陷入招生困境.从投资回报的视角看,让孩子就读中等职业学校投资高、回报低、风险大,因而家长青睐普高,而经济发展却又需要大批受过中职教育的劳动者.在这种形势下,政府不能放任不管,而要采取行政手段和市场手段加以调控.     

旅游需求影响因素分析

旅游需求是旅游市场细分和目标市场选择的基础.影响旅游需求既有消费者内部的因素,也有其外部环境因素.随着经济的发展,可自由支配收入、闲暇时间、交通等将成为影响旅游需求的主要因素,也是市场营销的关键.     

To jump the wave or not: teachers’ perceptions of research evidence in education

This article presents a microanalysis of how a group of primary school teachers deals with research evidence in their work. Based on analysis of a group of Norwegian teachers’ interactions over issues of educational research and research-based knowledge, we find that teachers’ representations of educational research particularly center on the following issues: educational research being perceived as circular, ‘polyphonic’, and a matter of accommodation to their experience-based knowledge. These metaphors also shed light upon the dilemmas that arise when research evidence meets teachers’ more contextual knowledge. We conclude that teachers’ practice-based evidence may take new forms with an increased policy focus on research-based evidence, as well as bringing forth challenges for teacher work and professionalism.     

The linguistic construction of expert identity in professor–student discussions of science

This study examines how participation in a verbal exchange during an inquiry-based classroom activity allows three college students and their science instructor to use linguistic signs (choices of words, grammatical structures, discursive structures, prosody and poetic discourse) to construct authority and expertise. Our work explores linguistic and interactional processes of identification (the dynamic construction and transaction of expert identity) and examines how discursive strategies adopted by the professor at different moments of the verbal exchange influence the students’ subsequent discursive practices and perceptions of authority. We adopt a dialogic, socio-constructivist perspective on identity, viewing personal identities as being partially constructed via interactional positioning. Our findings reveal that the attainment of expertise involves two different types of language-mediated processes: the transmission of a professional vision or intension and the emergence of a perception of agency among students. The former is centered on referential-denotative meanings of speech (elicitation of standard account and operational definition) while the latter requires effective use of pragmatic–performative functions of speech (non-evaluative and more than minimal recipient practices). Consideration is given to the need for science instructors to be able to utilize pragmatic functions of language strategically to encourage students to position themselves within the identity of science expertise.     

The localization,diagnostic, and monitoring functions of student ratings in a model for improving university teaching

A diversity of student questionnaires are used by colleges and universities to provide data on faculty teaching performance. Yet the purposes for collecting this data are frequently unclear, and at times superficial. Rarely is student rating data used as a tool to improve faculty teaching. A more relevant approach incorporates a variety of types of student ratings into a model for improving university teaching. One type of student rating data is used to identify broad instructional problem areas. Another type pinpoints probable causes and solutions for the instructional problems. Instructional improvement procedures are designed on the basis of this data. A third type of student rating data evaluates the instructional improvement procedures and indicates when modifications are needed. In addition to these three types of student ratings, and the generation of appropriate questionnaires, this paper presents an overview of the teaching improvement model and discusses its effectiveness.     

Placing cybereducation in the UK classroom

The use of the Internet in the classroom has often been characterized as a practice that disconnects the teacher from traditional forms of externally imposed influence. This paper examines this assertion by mapping the emerging field of cybereducation and considering how endemic knowledge is contextualized by national curricular authorities. The field theories of Pierre Bourdieu and Basil Bernstein are employed in order to demonstrate the relationship between expert discourse and classroom pedagogy, using the National Grid for Learning (NGfL) as a case study. This attempt to capture the dynamics of cybereducation ultimately suggests how this emergent intellectual field’s fragmentation and decoupling from State education forces offers policymakers the capacity to influence use. Progress of the UK government in integrating knowledge from an emergent educational field with its incumbent priorities is gauged, demonstrating the way in which national education officials have attempted to constrain potential departures from unregulated, officially mandated curriculum.     

La Maîtrise Intuitive des Relations entre Masse,Volume et Masse Volumique Chez des Elèves du Premier Cycle

Three experiments have been devoted to the application of the methodology developped by Anderson, N. H. (1981, 1982) in the framework of the Information Integration Theory to the problem of the mastery by children (14 old) of the relations between the notions of mass, volume and volumic mass. It appears that, having to judge of the mass values of diverses objects from given values of volume and volumic mass, a majority of pupils are able to take account of the positive link between the mass on the one part and the volume and the volumic mass on the other part but apply an additive type integration rule. However, a minority of pupils are able to apply a normatively correct multiplicative rule. Concerning the judgements of volume values from given mass and volumic mass values, and the judgements of volumic mass values from given mass and volume values, a majority of pupils apply a soustractive integration rule. In these two cases however the integration patterns are extremely variegated. The relation between the algebraic level of analysis of the judgement data and an information processing level of analysis of the same data is discussed. The use by teachers of the paradigm presented in the study with the aim of improving upon the current evaluation methods is proposed.