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41.
In the first part of this article, we briefly present the context of mathematics education in Italy and its specific programs, teaching and assessment methods, use of psychological concepts, and policies in favor of pupils with difficulties. We illustrate the importance and the role of mathematics teachers' associations. In the second part, we focus more directly on the issue of arithmetic learning and learning disabilities in Italy. Despite the absence of a specific strong tradition in the field, new perspectives regarding mathematics education are evident in Italy. The preparation of new assessment tools has proceeded together with an effort toward the identification of subtypes of arithmetic learning disabilities. A basic distinction has been made between difficulties in number processing/calculation and problem-solving tasks. Within the area of calculation, a finer distinction between numerical knowledge, speed, and accuracy seems critical, but a more articulated differentiation of subcomponents relying on modern cognitive-neuropsychological models can be used also. 相似文献
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Francesco Sella Daniela Lucangeli Roi Cohen Kadosh Marco Zorzi 《Child development》2020,91(5):1456-1470
The ability to choose the larger between two numbers reflects a mature understanding of the magnitude associated with numerical symbols. The present study explores how the knowledge of the number sequence and memory capacity (verbal and visuospatial) relate to number comparison skills while controlling for cardinal knowledge. Preschool children’s (N = 140, Mage-in-months = 58.9, range = 41–75) knowledge of the directional property of the counting list as well as the spatial mapping of digits on the visual line were assessed. The ability to order digits on the visual line mediated the relation between memory capacity and number comparison skills while controlling for cardinal knowledge. Beyond cardinality, the knowledge of the (spatial) order of numbers marks the understanding of the magnitude associated with numbers. 相似文献
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Julie A. Gegner Donald H. J. Mackay Richard E. Mayer 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2009,57(1):79-97
High school students can access original scientific research articles on the Internet, but may have trouble understanding
them. To address this problem of online literacy, the authors developed a computer-based prototype for guiding students’ comprehension
of scientific articles. High school students were asked to read an original scientific research article about the effects
of drug or alcohol abuse, which was presented on a computer screen either with computer-based comprehension aids or without
aids. The aids provided background text and animations including answers given by the article authors. Across two experiments
involving different schools and different research articles, the comprehension aids group performed better than the control
group on a comprehension test concerning the article (d = +0.79 in Experiment 1 and d = +0.82 in Experiment 2) and rated the content of article as less difficult to read (d = +0.96 in Experiment 1 and d = +0.69 in Experiment 2). In addition, the comprehension aids group reported more positive motivational beliefs than the
control group concerning understanding what scientists do (d = +0.51 in Experiment 1 and d = +0.56 in Experiment 2), appraising the article as worthwhile (d = +0.80 for Experiment 1 and d = +0.70 for Experiment 2), and being interested in reading another research article (d = +0.19 in Experiment 1 and d = +0.58 in Experiment 2). The groups did not differ on their attitudes concerning a career as a scientist or about alcohol
and drug abuse. Overall, computer-based comprehension aids can help guide students’ comprehension processes for an original
scientific research article, which in turn can improve their appreciation of what scientists do.
相似文献
Richard E. MayerEmail: |
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Business cycles modify firms’ incentives to innovate and the direction of innovation. By introducing a new measure of patent unconventionality this paper explores the impact of the business cycle on firms’ technological search strategies. We find that during upturns firms generate inventions characterized by a higher level of technological unconventionality. We also find that financially resilient and diversified firms produce more unconventional patents. While patent unconventionality is associated with technological impact and market value, firms extract more value by investing in unconventional inventions in downturns. 相似文献
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Bruno Archiza Daniela Kuguimoto Andaku Flávia Cristina Rossi Caruso José Carlos Bonjorno Jr. Cláudio Ricardo de Oliveira Paula Angélica Ricci 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(7):771-780
This study was conducted to determine the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory and peripheral muscles oxygenation during a maximal exercise tolerance test and on repeated-sprint ability (RSA) performance in professional women football players. Eighteen athletes were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: SHAM (n = 8) or IMT (n = 10). After a maximal incremental exercise test, all participants performed (on a different day) a time-to-exhaustion (Tlim) test. Peripheral and respiratory muscles oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy, breath-by-breath ventilatory and metabolic variables, and blood lactate concentration were measured. The RSA test was performed on a grass field. After a 6 week intervention, all athletes were reevaluated. Both groups showed increases in inspiratory muscles strength, exercise tolerance and RSA performance, however only the IMT group presented lower deoxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin blood concentrations on intercostal muscles concomitantly to an increased oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin blood concentrations on vastus lateralis muscle during Tlim. In conclusion, these results may indicate the potential role of IMT to attenuate inspiratory muscles metaboreflex and consequently improve oxygen and blood supply to limb muscles during high-intensity exercise, with a potential impact on inspiratory muscle strength, exercise tolerance and sprints performance in professional women football players. 相似文献
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Abstract A questionnaire involving attitudes toward obesity, food, and physical exercise, and knowledge about weight control, was administered to 225 obese female adolescents and 213 controls. Results indicated an obsession on the part of the obese with their weight, to such an extent that nonrelated areas became involved in the issue. Despite the greater knowledge of the obese concerning weight control, and their more positive attitudes toward exercise, these factors seemed to have little effect in helping them deal with their obesity. 相似文献