1998—2018年国内辍学研究前沿热点及其动态演化

运用文献计量可视化软件CiteSpace 5.3R4,绘制中国知网数据库近20年文献的共被引网络图谱,结果显示近20年国内辍学研究文献数量呈现波浪式发展趋势,辍学研究论文产出机构相对分散,而产出论文相对集中在少数机构,学科分布以教育学为基础;辍学研究作者分布表明我国辍学研究领域已经形成具有一定学术规模及学院传承的研究体系;根据辍学研究的关键词在时间脉络中的演进图谱,自1998年开始辍学研究前沿热点的演进轨迹经历了萌芽、发展与深化三个阶段;国内辍学研究的热点主题聚焦于有关农村辍学的研究、远程教育辍学、普九与辍学研究、国外辍学的研究、关于隐性辍学和自愿性辍学的研究等五个方面。     

Components of reading comprehension and scholastic achievement

The aim of this study was to understand whether the reading comprehension process is better explained by a single or by multiple factors. 184 students (9 to 13 years old) were presented with a recently devised battery of tests, that measure ten aspects of reading comprehension. Structural equation modelling showed that a two factors model better accounts for the data compared to a one or a three factors model. Results confirmed the hypothesis which distinguishes between ‘basic’ and ‘complex’ aspects of reading comprehension. The second goal of the study was to analyze the relationship between the two-components model and scholastic achievement. Our results highlighted that the more ‘complex’ aspects of reading comprehension, reflecting some metacognitive knowledge and control processes, are the better predictors of scholastic achievement.     

日本大学招生考试制度的多样化

日本的大学招生考试经过多次改革，形成了“大学入学考试中心考试”和各大学的个别考试并用的模式。在这一模式中，多样化是其主要特征之一，主要表现为考试机会的复数化、选拔方法的多样化、评价尺度的多元化。     

Higher Education Leadership and Management: From Conflict to Interdependence through Strategic Planning

Institutional leadership and management are two entirely different, yet intimately intertwined, aspects of the overall effective functioning of a higher education institution (HEI). This paper is intended to (1) define and differentiate between the two concepts, (2) critically discuss their importance and vital interdependence, (3) discuss circumstances that can create conflict or compatibility between these concepts, (4) critically examine models of strategic planning and suggest a better approach to this process, and (5) offer suggestions for the improvement of both leadership and management in the context of co-existence within a redefined strategic planning environment.     

《孙子兵法》与《三十六计》之比较

随着近十余年来兵学研究日益深入持久的展开,兵学撰著已逐渐引起社会各界的广泛关注。其中,尤以《孙子兵法》与《三十六计》,更成为人们注目的焦点。二书同为中国古代遗留下的杰出兵书,其析理之透辟,解说之独到,固有相通之处,而存在的差异也是巨大的;特别是其内容涵盖之范围,立意之高下,实大有不同之处。同时,二书又有很强的互补性。     

关于柯西中值定理的中间点的渐近点和渐近公式

本文得到了当x→α时柯西中值定理的中间点ζ=α+θ(x-α)中的θ的渐近值定理及两个推论,并且得到了θ的渐近公式,由此得到当x→α时,中间点ζ=α+θ(x-α)的渐近点和渐近公式。     

优生素对草杂鸡生长性能及淋巴器官发育的影响

本试验研究了优生素对雏鸡的生长性能及其淋巴器官发育的影响。试验选用200只一日龄草杂雏鸡,随机分为两组,即对照组和试验组,100只/组。优生素按照500g/t添加到基础日粮中。试验结束时,每组采集20只鸡的胸腺、腔上囊、脾脏等样品置于Bouin固定液中固定,常规方法制作组织切片,H.E染色,奥林巴斯显微镜观察拍照。结果表明,试验组鸡的日增重较对照组高,差异显著(p<0.05);采食量试验组鸡较对照组低,差异不显著(p>0.05);料肉比试验组鸡比对照组低,差异不显著(p>0.05);试验组鸡的胸腺小叶皮质增厚,胸腺小体增多;腔上囊皱襞发达,退化延缓;脾动脉周围淋巴鞘增厚,脾小结体积大。试验结果显示优生素可提高雏鸡日增重和饲料转化率,促进胸腺和腔上囊的早期发育,延缓腔上囊的退化,增强脾的免疫应答反映。     

朱振家本《古代汉语》注释的两个问题

目前国内使用面较广的朱振家本《古代汉语》教材在注释方面存在两个问题：一是有少数注解不合情理，与意相 格；二是教材内部有自相矛盾现象，使人无所适从。建议再作修订时予以重视。