课堂交往冲突研究

课堂交往冲突是指当课堂教学活动参与者用相互矛盾的行动路径去达成相同或不同活动目标时所感知到的不一致或相互干扰,它包括三种类型:程序性课堂交往冲突、实质性课堂交往冲突和人际关系课堂交往冲突。课堂交往冲突的作用具有积极和消极二重性。良性人际关系建构、信任重建、沟通重构、协商合作、加深理解以及课堂文化共同体建构等是科学管理课堂交往冲突的基本方法。     

4. TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

THE END OF NEWS by Roger Bird (Toronto: Irwin Publishing, 1997—$24.95 paper, ISBN 0–7725–2285–5, 165pp., notes, index)

CANADIAN INTERNET HANDBOOK, 1998 edition by Jim Carroll and Rick Broadhead (Scarborough, ON: Prentice Hall Canada, 1997—$24.95, paper, ISBN 0–13–897554‐X, 365pp., charts, tables, index)

THE JOURNALIST'S LEGAL GUIDE by Michael G. Crawford (Scarborough, ON: Carswell Thomson Professional Publishing, 1996 [3rd ed]—40.00 paper, ISBN 0–459–25425–1, 380pp., charts, notes, glossary, index)

GUIDE TO CANADIAN ENGLISH USAGE by Margery Fee and Janice McAlpine (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1997—$50.00, ISBN 0–19–540841–1, 549pp., glossary, bibliography, index)

A CANADIAN WRITER'S POCKET GUIDE by Jack Finnbogason and Al Valleau (Toronto: ITP Nelson, 1998—$20.00 spiral‐bound paper, ISBN 0–17–616618–1, 180pp., index)

SUSTAINING DEMOCRACY? JOURNALISM AND THE POLITICS OF OBJECTIVITY by Robert A. Hackett and Yuezhi Zhao (Toronto: Garamond Press “Culture and Communication in Canada Series,”; 1998—$24.95 paper, ISBN 1–55193–013–7, 284 pp., notes, index)

CYBERLAW: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT DOING BUSINESS ONLINE by David Johnston, Sunny Handa, and Charles Morgan (Toronto: Stoddart, 1997—U.S.$17.97 paper, no ISBN given, 282pp., notes, glossary, bibliography, index)

MASS COMMUNICATION IN CANADA edited by Rowland Lorimer and Jean McNulty (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1996 [3rd ed]—$34.95 paper, ISBN 0–19–541208–7, 398pp., glossary, bibliography, index)

MEDIA LAW by Robert Martin (Concord, ON: Irwin Law “Essentials of Canadian Law,”; 1997—$34.95 paper, ISBN 1–55221–004–9, 193pp., charts, notes, index)

THE INTERNET HANDBOOK FOR WRITERS, RESEARCHERS, AND JOURNALISTS by Mary McGuire, Linda Stilborne, Melinda McAdams, and Laurel Hyatt (Toronto: Trifolium Books, 1997—$29.95 paper, ISBN 1–895579–17–1, 242pp., glossary, index)

THE CANADIAN REPORTER: NEWS WRITING AND REPORTING by Catherine McKercher and Carman Cumming (Toronto: HarcourtBrace Canada, 1998 [2d ed]—$47.95 paper, ISBN 0–7747–3562–7, 456pp., glossary, index)

ELECTRIC LANGUAGE: UNDERSTANDING THE MESSAGE by Eric McLuhan (Toronto: Stoddart, 1998—$29.95 paper, ISBN 0–7737–5972–7, 192 pp., color notes)

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW: COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARKS by David Vaver (Concord, ON: Irwin Law, 1997—$39.95 paper, ISBN 1–55221–007–3, 345pp., notes, bibliography, glossary, table of cases, index)     

Power and energy in linearized physical systems

Although no truly linear physical systems exist, linearized system models are very often used in practice to study the dynamics of real systems and components. Here, the relations between the power and energy in a non-linear physical system and the analogous quantities associated with variables representing small deviations from steady-state values are studied. Sometimes a linearized system is energetically similar to the non-linear system from which it was derived, and in other cases, new types of energy elements appear which were not present in the original system. In order to show the structure of the systems, the results are presented in both equation form and in the form of bond graphs which are unique in exhibiting the power and energy structure of system models.     

The Law of Unintended Consequences: The ‘Real’ Cost of Top-Down Reform

In most jurisdictions around the world,governments, in the name of economiccompetitiveness, have imposed comprehensive andquite dramatic changes on state schools. Mostchanges require a more centralized and rigorouscurriculum for pupils, a plethora ofaccountability measures and mandatoryin-service for teachers, and carefully definedand more onerous responsibilities for schoolleaders. The province of Ontario is nodifferent. Since 1995, its educational systemhas experienced quite revolutionary changes– all instituted with break-neck speed. At thesame time most schools in Ontario are employinginternal change strategies to address theseoutside pressures. These change forces havecoalesced to redefine the work and lives ofteachers and school leaders in many intendedand unintended ways. There is a substantialliterature on both external and internal changeforces, but very little has been written aboutthe conjunction of these change forces with thepersonal side of change for teachers andleaders. Based on two studies undertaken by theInternational Centre for Educational Change atthe Ontario Institute for Studies inEducation/University of Toronto, this paperexamines the unintended consequences of thesechange forces on the teachers and principals ofone secondary school in Ontario, Canada. Theteachers and leaders of Lord Byron High Schoolare not averse to change and are generallyquite content to do whatever is in the bestinterests of their students. The school has along history of innovation and change and areputation for attending to a wide diversity ofstudent needs.Through the use of multiple conceptual lenses,this paper addresses the unintendedconsequences of systemic change to the schooland its teachers and principals. At a time whenteacher shortages and teacher morale aregrowing problems for many educationaljurisdictions, this investigation will point toan urgent need to build better bridges ofunderstanding between policy makers and policyimplementers, and for researchers to provideresearch that is more sensitive to the work andlives of real people in real schools.     

公司治理结构有关问题的理论探讨

以建立现代企业制度为根本目标的国企改革自上世纪 90年代启动 ,迄今已有十多年。宏观和微观环境决定了没有现成模式可以照搬 ,摸索中前进的企业改革历程充满矛盾和艰辛。本文力图运用现代企业理论 ,对国企改革确立公司治理结构过程中所涉及的产权问题 ,股东会、董事会、经理人之间相互制衡的机制 ,对经理 (代理人 )人员的激励机制作一梳理 ,检视其利弊 ,分析其得失 ,并尝试给出改良的方法。     

Using Blackboard in Library Instruction: Addressing the Learning Styles of Generations X and Y

Studies show that recent generations of college students have a learning style with identifiable characteristics. Library instruction efforts must adapt to these learning styles. Course management software (CMS), such as Blackboard, is one resource available to academic librarians to meet the challenges posed by the "Net Generation." At Stetson University, the use of Blackboard courseware in library instruction sessions successfully addressed the unique learning styles of students.     

Social gaze in preterm infants may act as an early indicator of atypical lateralization

Visual field biases have been identified as markers of atypical lateralization in children with developmental conditions, but this is the first investigation to consider early lateralized gaze behaviors for social stimuli in preterm infants. Eye-tracking methods with 51 preterm (33 male, 92.1% White) and 61 term-born (31 male, 90.1% White) infants aged 8–10 months from Edinburgh, UK, captured the development of visual field biases, comparing gaze behavior to social and non-social stimuli on the left versus right of the screen. Preterm infants showed a significantly reduced interest to social stimuli on the left versus right compared to term children (d = .58). Preterm children exhibit early differential orienting preferences that may be an early indicator of atypical lateralized function.