留法勤工俭学生与马克思主义教育思想的导入

留法勤工俭学运动是中国近代革命史和中国近代教育史上的一件大事, 对中国教育的近代命运有着深远和持久的影响。当时马克思主义在法国的广泛传播,使留法的我国早期共产主义者和革命青年得以直接接触到马列原著,因而在对马克思主义的理解上,取得了重大收获。他们在选择、认同、导入马克思主义教育思想方面,做出了自己的贡献。     

Observational learning of discriminative avoidance in hooded rats

To determine the aspects of an observational situation facilitating subsequent acquisition of an observed task, two experimental groups of rats were exposed to a model’s performance of a two-way discriminative shuttlebox avoidance task with a tone as the discriminative stimulus. One experimental group (OND) observed the performance of a naive demonstrator; the other experimental group (OSD) observed a skilled demonstrator. A stimulus control group (SC) was exposed to the tone with no model present; a response control group (RC) observed demonstrator running with no tone present. A naive control group (NC) received no observational experience. All groups were subsequently tested on acquisition of the task. An analysis of variance on avoidance scores and Newman-Keuls tests for differences between means revealed that OND and OSD groups performed significantly more avoidances than the control groups. Exposure to the total tone-running sequence was found to be necessary for observational learning. The results were interpreted in terms of a sensory-sensory conditioning model.

     

Constructing a professional development school: A model of one school‐university partnership

Abstract

A partnership between an elementary school and a university in the Midwest evolved into a professional development school. The authors describe this process, making analogies to the process of constructing a house. The steps are also related to Kagan's (1991) stages of organizational development. From laying the foundation of the partnership through adding the sill (the vision), constructing the frame (the goals and objectives), adding the sheathing (the formal structure), installing siding (the implementation), to maintaining through assessment, the parallels are explored and analyzed. Because the process relates to individuals as well as an institution, the authors also discuss ways in which the processes diverge.

The process is presented as a model that might be useful to others engaged in creating a professional development school or improving teacher education. A visual of the model is included.     

Evaluating Environmental Education in the Context of a Junior High School State Studies Program

Abstract

This article discusses and offers solutions to three basic problems that environmentalists have encountered while teaching environmental ethics. The solutions include interdisciplinary study and research projects, teaching an intuitive understanding of the interrelatedness of the ecosystem, and a general, dynamic code of behavior for living an environmentally ethical lifestyle.     

The importance of workplace learning for trade unions: a study of the steel industry

This paper is concerned with the relationship between trade unions and learning in the workplace, particularly in relation to the enhancement of worker employability profiles. With the restructuring and modernising of the European steel industry as its context, this paper argues that the organisational and structural features of a sector have a profound influence on the way workplace learning is organised. Equally, trade union organisation and approaches also shape the learning agenda. In the steel industry, trade unions have failed to address the significance of workplace learning, partly because of the ways that they approach this topic. In the context of traditional sectors, with relatively vulnerable workforces, the weakened state of union bargaining positions means that they have limited capacity to address workforce employability or workplace participation. The outcome is that trade union involvement in skill formation and workplace learning is marginal.