Electromyographic analysis of bow string release in highly skilled archers

A predominant archery coaching tenet holds that the most effective means of releasing the bow string is by relaxation of the finger flexor muscles without activation of finger extensors. To evaluate the validity of this view, EMG patterns of the flexor digitorum superficialis and extensor digitorum muscles of the draw arm were examined using surface EMG electrodes in 15 highly skilled archers as each performed six shots. Each archer displayed consistent EMG patterns from shot-to-shot and two distinct flexor-extensor patterns were exhibited by the sample. The first, characterized by eight of the archers, supported the relaxation principle. For these archers, both flexor and extensor digitorum activity decreased markedly immediately prior to or at arrow release. The second pattern, characteristic of the remaining seven archers, contradicted the coaching tenet. While the flexor digitorum pattern was essentially the same as that described for the first pattern, the extensor digitorum displayed a marked increase in activity just prior to release, indicating that string release was facilitated by an active extension of the fingers. It was concluded that highly skilled archers do not predominantly reflect a release consistent with the coaching canon and that factors other than the string release mechanism discriminate the performances of skilled archers.     

女大学新生课余体育锻炼状况及其影响因素的分析研究

本文主要通过问巷调查法以及因子分析法，对女性大学新生参加课外体育锻炼的状况进行了解，找出影响女大学生新生参加课余体育锻炼的7大因子，分别是体育知识因子、个体客观条件因子、个体意愿因子、心理因子、体育锻炼习惯与技能因子、外部因子．设施因子，并且提出要充分重视可以控制与改善的因素，引导其发挥积极影响；注重对体育知识尤其是运动保健知识的传授，大力宣扬“健康第一”观念，营造良好的体育锻炼气氛。     

PUBLIC APPROVAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND OTHER NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENT GOALS IN WESTERN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES

The environmental movement is one of the most successful socialmovements of the twentieth century, and a key reason for itssuccess has been strong public approval of the movement's goalof environmental protection. This paper reports cross-nationaldata on public approval of environmental protection relativeto approval of the goals of other major ‘new social movements’—theanti-nuclear power movement, the nuclear disarmament movement,the women's movement, the human rights movement and the animalrights movement—in Western Europe and the United States.The data come from a 1990 ‘lifestyles and attitudes’survey conducted by Gallup for Reader's Digest, based on nationallyrepresentative samples in the United States and seventeen Europeannations, and show higher public approval for environmental protectionthan for the goals of other new social movements.     

浅谈田径教学中的优化组合

在总结传统教学经验的基础上，对教师的知识结构、教学内容、教学方法、实践性教学以及教学评价等进行优化组合，指出优化组合是田径教学改革的关键，优化教师知识结构是田径教学改革的前提和基础，优化课程结构和教学内容是田径教学改革的重点。     

论体育健身锻炼中的多因素组合

体育健身锻炼效应是由不同因素组成的。通过对社区化人群健身锻炼多因素组合影响进行了较长时间的研究，初步建立了不同年龄组健身锻炼心率负荷参数，旨在为指导大众健身锻炼提供有益的参考。     

龙岩市社区群众体育现状调查与对策研究

运用文献资料、问卷调查、数据统计等方法，对龙岩市所属7个县、市、区城镇办事处、社区居民委员会的体育组织形式与网络特征和18岁—60岁以上社会各阶层人群进行大规模的社会学的调查。研究结果表明：龙岩市群众体育事业有了较大的发展；城镇居民的体育意识、行为和消费等方面都发生了很大的变化；但与沿海地区相比，仍有较大的差距；探寻存在问题的原因，提出调动各阶层人群参与体育活动的对策与措施。