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861.
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Rachel L. Kendal Deborah M. Custance Jeremy R. Kendal Gillian Vale Tara S. Stoinski Nirina Lalaina Rakotomalala Hantanirina Rasamimanana 《Learning & behavior》2010,38(3):220-234
Interest in social learning has been fueled by claims of culture in wild animals. These remain controversial because alternative
explanations to social learning, such as asocial learning or ecological differences, remain difficult to refute. Compared
with laboratory-based research, the study of social learning in natural contexts is in its infancy. Here, for the first time,
we apply two new statistical methods, option-bias analysis and network-based diffusion analysis, to data from the wild, complemented
by standard inferential statistics. Contrary to common thought regarding the cognitive abilities of prosimian primates, our
evidence is consistent with social learning within subgroups in the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta), supporting the theory of directed social learning (Coussi-Korbel & Fragaszy, 1995). We also caution that, as the toolbox
for capturing social learning in natural contexts grows, care is required in ensuring that the methods employed are appropriate-in
particular, regarding social dynamics among study subjects. Supplemental materials for this article may be downloaded from
http://lb.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
863.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between decision-making self-efficacy and decision-making performance in sport. Undergraduate students (N = 78) performzed 10 trials of a decision-making task in baseball. Self-efficacy was measured before performing each trial. Decision-making performance was assessed by decision speed and decision accuracy. Path analyses examined the relationships between self-efficacy, residualized past performance, and current performance. The results indicated that self-efficacy was a significant and consistent predictor of decision speed (eight of nine trials), but not decision accuracy (four of nine trials). It was also found that experience does not have a meaningful effect on the relationship between self-efficacy and decision-making performance in sport. 相似文献
864.
This article discusses urban educators’ views of their teaching experiences. The article is based upon survey research conducted
with teachers in two poor, urban districts during the 2005–2006 academic year. The teachers reported a variety of positive
and negative views regarding their classrooms, their students, and the students’ social worlds. The data illustrate the importance
of classroom processes for the teachers, and how they believed that their students’ social locations, behaviors, and attitudes
impede the delivery of educational content. We believe this research raises interesting challenges regarding the need for
urban educators to incorporate students’ perspectives into both instructional processes and curriculum content. Furthermore,
this research should contribute to the empirical foundation needed for the creation of better teacher preparation programs. 相似文献
865.
Deborah Court Liat Merav Etty Ornan 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2009,17(3):207-217
This study investigated 10 Israeli preschool teachers’ reasons for choosing their profession and their perceptions of the teacher’s role. A narrative approach was chosen because teachers’ narratives can reveal their practical knowledge and the meanings they ascribe to their teaching. Data were subjected to content analysis and linguistic analysis. The content analysis revealed that choice of profession flowed from personal history and family background and reflected the needs, priorities and ambitions of each teacher. Most of the participants chose this profession at an early stage, in childhood or adolescence, and were influenced by close family members. An ongoing connection was revealed between key events and people in the preschool teachers’ narratives, their perceptions of the teacher’s role and their professional selves. The linguistic analysis revealed beliefs and values expressed through figurative language, and especially metaphor. Metaphoric themes related mainly to the nurturing of children and were consistent with beliefs and values expressed directly. 相似文献
866.
The development of two observational tools for assessing metacognition and self-regulated learning in young children 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
David Whitebread Penny Coltman Deborah Pino Pasternak Claire Sangster Valeska Grau Sue Bingham Qais Almeqdad Demetra Demetriou 《Metacognition and Learning》2009,4(1):63-85
This paper reports on observational approaches developed within a UK study to the identification and assessment of metacognition
and self-regulation in young children in the 3–5 year age range. It is argued that the development of observational tools,
although containing methodological difficulties, allows us to make more valid assessments of children’s metacognitive and
self-regulatory abilities in this age group. The analysis of 582 metacognitive or self-regulatory videotaped ‘events’ is described,
including the development of a coding framework identifying verbal and non-verbal indicators. The construction of an observational
instrument, the Children’s Independent Learning Development (CHILD 3–5) checklist, is also reported together with evidence
of the reliability with which it can be used by classroom teachers and early indications of its external validity as a measure
of metacognition and self-regulation in young children. Given the educational significance of children’s development of metacognitive
and self-regulatory skills, it is argued that the development of such an instrument is potentially highly beneficial. The
establishment of the metacognitive and self-regulatory capabilities of young children by means of the kinds of observational
tools developed within this study also has clear and significant implications for models and theories of metacognition and
self-regulation. The paper concludes with a discussion of these implications.
相似文献
David WhitebreadEmail: |
867.
868.
869.
870.
This article provides a strategic analysis using a services marketing framework of 3 business models in the music industry: the traditional music industry; renegade peer-to-peer music file trading; and new, legitimate online downloading services. Key recommendations are made on how new, legitimate services can succeed using convergent marketing strategies. Finally, a conclusion is provided addressing the future of the music industry and other media-related industries. 相似文献