学校场域里的教育公正何以可能

教育公正是社会公正在教育中的体现,是促进教育和谐、社会和谐的重要力量。学校场域里存在诸多教育不公,对此进行揭示和批判是创造良好教育的前提性条件。学校场域里教育公正得以实现的可能方式在于促进教育中的制度公正、营造宽容的氛围、使教师转变为教育设计师角色和走向师生幸福关怀。     

Beyond educational attainment: The importance of skills and lifelong learning for social outcomes. Evidence for Europe from PIAAC

Empirical evidence suggests that educational attainment nurtures people's social outcomes and promotes active participation in society and stability. However, it is unclear to what extent other types of human capital also correlate with social outcomes. Hence, we explored the opportunity offered by the PIAAC survey through its provision of information on educational attainment, observed individual key skills proficiency, and participation in adult education and training (adult lifelong learning). We therefore studied the association between these human capital variables and social outcomes, and more specifically interpersonal trust and participation in volunteering activities. Results revealed that these social outcomes were affected not only by the formal qualification obtained, determined by the education variable, but also throughout the life‐cycle. Indeed, education and training when undertaken during adult life have a significant impact, especially on volunteering. The fact that the skill proficiency also plays a significant role is extremely relevant, as skills are more likely to change over the life‐cycle, either in a positive or negative way. Whilst the formal education received is constant after exiting the educational system, skills reflect competences more accurately: first, because those with the same level of education may have different skill levels because of differences in the quality of education or ability; second, because skills can vary over time. For example, they may increase with work experience or informal education, or decrease as a result of depreciation and ageing. These findings suggest that social outcomes are prone to be affected by many factors other than formal education, suggesting that policy makers can implement recommendations even after formal education has been completed.     

认知性辞格与表达性辞格

本主要为研究因认知关系改变而形成的辞格提供语言学的方法。首先在语义分析的基础上提出必有特征、可能特征和不可能特征三个概念，并分析了它们之间的关系和表现形式。然后进一步论证所有因认知关系改变而形成的辞格在语言层面上的表面都是为了接纳一个不可能特征，并且分析了“零距／有距”、“隐含／显现”、“直接／间接”、“正向／负向”四种接纳的语义方式。最后，从辞格的两种不同处理方式出发评论了修辞研究中割裂装饰与本体的传统观念与“功能即形式”的新观念。     

Relationship between R&D expenditures and publication output for U.S. colleges and universities

Two large independent sources of data, NSF's University Science Statistics Program Integrated Data Base and CHI Research's bibliometric data base, are brought together in a comprehensive study of the relationships among research resources, as measured by R&D expenditures, and research output, as measured by the quantity and visibility of scientific journal articles. The study is based on approximately 500 U.S. colleges and universities. For each of 11 fields of science, there is strong indication of a linear relationship between R&D expenditures and number of papers. The evidence also indicates a positive relationship between number of cites received per paper and number of papers published, but only for papers published in the basic research journals of the fields of chemistry, physics, and biology.     

广告英语的特点

广告是以最简单的语言表达最复杂的意义，语言的魅力在广告语言中得以最充分的展示。本文从词汇，句法及修辞方面阐述了广告英语的特点。     

加入世界贸易组织对中国经济的影响

文章简介中国与世贸组织前身———关税及贸易总协定的关系。中国为复关入世作了认真的努力 ,由于美欧等国要价太高 ,中国入世一波三折。中美、中欧现已达成协议 ,中国近期即将入世。入世给中国经济发展带来良好机遇 ,也带来巨大挑战。从近期、中长期来看 ,入世对中国社会经济的发展是利大于弊。     

An Examination of Text Complexity as Characterized by Readability and Cohesion

To better understand dimensions of text complexity and their effect on the comprehension of adolescents, 103 high school seniors were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Each group read versions of the same 2 informational passages and answered comprehension test items targeting factual recall and inferences of causal content. Group A passages had a challenging readability level and high cohesion; Group B passages had an easier readability and low cohesion; Group C passages had a challenging readability level and low cohesion; and Group D passages had an easier readability and high cohesion. Students in Group D significantly outperformed students in Group C (g = 0.78). Although the effect sizes of comparisons among all groups ranged from g = 0.13 to 0.73, no other comparisons were statistically significant. Results indicate that adolescents’ reading comprehension is dually influenced by a text's readability and cohesion. Implications for matching readers to instructional text are discussed.     

Regarding uncertainty in teachers and teaching

The literature on teacher uncertainty suggests that it is a significant and perhaps inherent feature of teaching. Yet there is disagreement about the effects of these uncertainties on teachers as well as about the ways that teachers should regard them. Recognition of uncertainties can be viewed alternatively as a liability or an asset to effective teaching. Findings from the literature on uncertainties in teaching are summarized and analyzed, including explanations in the research about what accounts for and contributes to uncertainties. Recommendations for research and professional development are provided.     

变精度粗糙集与基于变精度粗糙集的知识模糊度量

变精度粗糙集是对标准粗糙集理论的一种扩展 .它通过设置阈值参数 β ,放松了标准粗糙集理论对近似边界的严格定义 .文中讨论了变精度粗糙集的置信阈值 β ,通过算例给出了信息系统中基于变精度粗糙集的规则提取方法 ;将变精度粗糙集模型应用于模糊集 ,提出了在变精度粗糙集中知识的一种模糊度量方法 ,对这种方法的一些性质进行了研究 ,并用该模糊度量方法描述了近似算子 .研究表明 ,该方法可合理解释模糊隶属函数 ,清晰说明了隶属度的含义 .     

微电网仿真与实验系统 Ⅰ.总体设计

从设计、数学建模、仿真等方面研究了微电网仿真与实验系统,在微电网模型基础上,采用美国西部联合电网(Western Systems Coordinating Council,WSCC)3机9节点系统作为标准输电网模型,结合硬件仿真实验平台,开发出微电网仿真与实验系统。该系统包括风力发电系统、光伏发电系统、并网接入系统、模拟输配电系统、负荷和仿真实验平台。研制的仿真及实验系统能够稳定可靠运行,实验证实了模型的正确性。应用表明,系统设计合理、功能完善,各方面性能能够满足微电网仿真和实验的要求。