Communication and relational culture: Bases for the study of human relationships

This article elaborates two concepts centrally important in the study of human relationships: communication and relational culture. Communication is represented as a formative process which constitutes, defines and disassembles relationships. Arising out of communication is relational culture, a privately transacted system of discourse and definition that coordinates attitudes, actions, and identities of partners in a relationship. These two concepts are used to define states of relationship which represent both stages and types of human relationships. For each state, communicative processes and functions are identified and attention is devoted to the impact of communication in moving partners toward or away from a binding relational culture.     

WOMEN AND RETIREMENT: EVOLVING ISSUES FOR FUTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION INTERVENTION

Until recent years, occupational retirement was perceived primarily as a male life transition process. Women now comprise a major population experiencing active, long‐term involvement in occupational roles and facing significant concerns in their transition from work to retirement.

This article provides an examination of the current status of research regarding women and retirement and discusses multiple issues that surround the aging woman and her relationship to the retirement process. Key orientations are discussed in relation to conceptualizing and shaping future preretirement educational programming alternatives.     

Techniques and Activities to Stimulate Verbal Learning by Clarence R. Calder,Jr. and Eleanor M. Antan. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1970. 326 pp. $7.95

HIGHER EDUCATION: Power and Conflict in the University—Research in the Sociology of Complex Organizations by J. Victor Baldridge. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1971. 238 pp. $7.95.

Affirmation and Dissent: Columbia's Response to the Crisis of World War I by William Summerscales. New York: Teachers College Press, 1970. 159 PP. $7.25.

Die Hochschulreform in den USA und Ihre Bedeutung Für Die BRD [Reform in American Higher Education and its Meaning for the German Federal RepubliC] by Er-win Helms. Hannover: Hermann Schroedel Verlag, 1971. 236 pp. 25 DM.

From Riot to Reason by Eldon L. Johnson. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1971. 127 pp. $4.50.

The Now Generation by Austin L. Porterfield. Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 1971. 152 pp. $4.00.

Breaking the Access Barriers: A Profile of the Two-Year Colleges by Leland L. Medsker and Dale Tillery. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1971. 183 pp. $5.95.

HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION: Being and Education: An Essay in Existential Phenomenology by Donald Vandenberg. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1971. 228 pp. $7.95, $3.95 paper.

Freedom and Control in Education and Society by Frank L. Field. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1970. 196 PP.

Guide to the Works of John Dewey edited by Jo Ann Boydston. Carbondale and Edwardsville, III.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1970. 396 pp. $15.00.

Philosophy of Education from the Standpoint of the Transaction Theory by John P. Wynne. Farmville, Va.: Longwood College Foundation Publishers, 1971. 390 pp. $6.00, $4.00 paper.

Ludvig Holberg's Memoirs: An Eighteenth Century Danish Contribution to International Understanding, edited by Stewart E. Fraser. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1970. Volume I, text, 2S9 pp. Volume II, 30″ × 24″ portfolio of 33 historical engravings. 120 guilders ($36.50).

PSYCHOLOGY AND COUNSELING: Introduction to Educational Psychology: An Operant Conditioning Approach by Carl E. Pitts. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1971. 242 PP. $5.95.

Statistical Reasoning In Psychology and Education by Edward W. Minium. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1970. 465 pp. $9.95.

Developmental Counseling and Therapy by Bill L. Kell and Josephine Morse Burow. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1970. 268 pp. $6.95.

SOCIAL AND FOUNDATIONAL STUDIES: Clarifying Public Controversy: An Approach to Teaching Social Studies by Fred M. Newmann and Donald W. Oliver. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1970. xi + 356 pp. $6.95.

Social Foundations of Education: Environmental Influences In Teaching and Learning, 2d Ed., by Cole S. Brembeck. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1971. 661 pp. $10.95.

Foundations of Vocational Education by Rupert N. Evans. Colombus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co., 1971. 292 PP. 88.95.

TEACHING AND LEARNING: Child Learning, Intelligence, and Personality: Principles of a Behavioral Interaction Approach by Arthur W. Staats. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1971. 358 pp. $8.95.

Nobody Can Teach Anyone Anything by W. R. Wees. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday &; Co., Inc., 1971. 199 PP. $5.95.

Rhetoric by Albert E. DiPippo. Beverly Hills, Cal. Glencoe Press, 1971. 323 pp. $4.50.

The Timely and The Timeless: The Interrelationships of Science, Education, and Society by Bentley Glass. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1970. 99 PP. $4.99.

Among young adults of all races, the number holding college degrees has increased from 6 to 16 percent since 1940, and the proportion with high school diplomas is up from 38 to 75 percent. With college enrolment now at 7.4 million, nearly two-thirds of the students have fathers with no formal education beyond high school.—The Education Digest (April, 1971).     

THE PLACE AND VALUE OF ITEM BANKING1

School climate, defined here as the type of mobility system reflected in the school's selection procedures, was shown to interact with ethnic group membership and locus of control (after SES factors were controlled) in affecting student achievement in Israeli schools. Although achievement tended to be highest for all in a competitive and non‐selective environment, the achievement of the socially higher status group was found to be more sensitive to changes in the school atmosphere than that of the lower status group. Students revealing a strong internal locus of control appeared to be less affected by changes in the environment than others.