普通高校体育课程教学改革的理论思考

针对目前我国普通高校体育改革中存在的问题 ,作者就大学体育与中学体育教学内容的衔接问题、学校体育与竞技体育的关系问题、体育教学中教学方法与评价标准等问题进行了思考 ,并结合现代体育教学的新思想、新观念 ,探讨新课程理念下的体育教学观念的更新。     

运动训练与女性激素水平的改变

通过了解国内外有关运动训练对女性激素水平的影响的研究成果,掌握该领域的研究现状和动态。研究表明,运动训练影响下丘脑—垂体—卵巢轴和下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺轴的功能活动,运动训练也导致诸多肽类物质参与女性激素水平的调节     

Text comprehension strategy instruction with poor readers

The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of teachingtext comprehension strategies to children with decoding andreading comprehension problems and with a poor or normallistening ability. Two experiments are reported. Four textcomprehension strategies, viz., question generation, summarizing,clarification, and predicting were taught through directinstruction and reciprocal teaching. In both experiments, effectswere measured according to a pretest – posttest – retentiontest – control group design. Dependent variables wereexperimenter-developed strategic reading and listening tests, andstandardized reading and listening comprehension tests. In thefirst experiment the subjects were 9 to 11-year-old poor readersfrom special schools for children with learning disabilities. Inthis experiment, the intervention program's texts and strategyinstructions were presented in listening settings only. Thesubjects in the second experiment were 10-year-old children fromregular elementary schools and 9 to 11-year-old children fromspecial schools. They were also poor readers but their decodingperformance was not as poor as in the subjects in experiment 1.In experiment 2, the intervention program involved textpresentations in alternating reading and listening lessons.Although in general, normal listeners performed better on allcomprehension tests than poor listeners, there were nodifferential program effects for the two listening levels. Cleareffects of both programs were found on strategic reading andlistening tests administered directly after the interventions. Inthe first experiment, maintenance test performance showedprolonged program benefits, whereas in the second experimentthese maintenance effects were blurred by unexpected gains of thecontrol groups of students, especially from regular schools.Finally, apart from some local successes, neither of the twoexperiments offered stable evidence of transfer of comprehensionstrategy training to standardized general listening and readingcomprehension tests.     

新课程改革背景下浙江省中小学体育教师在职专业化培训模式的构建

体育教师的在职专业化是当今体育教育领域共同关注的问题之一,随着我国基础课程改革的全面推进,我国中小学体育教师的在职专业化培训面临着艰难的挑战。如何有效地构建中小学体育教师在职专业化培训的模式,更好地促进中小学体育教师的专业发展,更快地推进中小学体育教师的专业化进程,是一个亟待解决的重大课题。文章在分析浙江省中小学体育教师在职专业化培训现状的基础上,着重探讨了浙江省中小学体育教师在职专业化"三段式"培训模式的构建;从"问题"、"操作"、"发展"的角度对三段式培训模式作了初步阐释,同时提出了实施中小学体育教师三段式培训模式应关注的几个问题,包括培训方式、培训规模及培训成本等等。     

The amplitudes of non-harmonic vibrations

Two new approximate graphical solutions are given for the problem of forced vibration of an undamped single degree of freedom vibrating system with a non-linear spring, whose characteristic is given in the form of a curve. One of these solutions gives much more accurate results than the approximation known so far.     

Just One More Episode: Predictors of Procrastination with Television and Implications for Sleep Quality

Sleep experts have raised concern over the effects of electronic media use on sleep. To date, few studies have looked beyond the effects of duration and frequency of media exposure or examined the underlying mechanisms of this association. As procrastinatory media use has been related to lower well-being, we used data from two survey studies (N₁ = 821, N₂ = 584) to investigate (a) predictors of procrastinatory TV viewing and (b) the link between procrastinatory TV viewing and sleep quality. Findings from both studies indicate that those with a stronger viewing habit, higher TV involvement, and an eveningness preference reported more procrastinatory TV viewing. Procrastinatory TV viewing was related to subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction. This association was fully mediated by perceived stress. As sleep is key for the replenishment of self-control, procrastinators may be setting themselves up to fail at self-regulating, a situation exacerbated by the omnipresence of media in today’s society.     

Book reviews

The following books are reviewed.

Teaching Public Issues in the High School D. W. OLIVER & J. P. SHAVER (1966) Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Professional Experience and the Investigative Imagination: the ART of reflective writing RICHARD WINTER, ALYSON BUCK & PAULA SOBIECHOWSKA (1999) London: Routledge. 240 pp. ISBN 0 415 19542 X (hb) £50.00, ISBN 0 415 19543 8 (pb) £ 16.99     

Book Reviews

Abstract

Purpose: Many farmers remain hesitant to implement structured management plans and strategies tailored to address soil health, irrespective of mounting scientific evidence for the credibility of certain soil health indicators, an increase in the reporting of program benefits and progress in communicating these benefits. Hence, the purpose of this research is to better understand the impediments associated with the adoption of such programs.

Design: Non-parametric analysis of a mail-based survey supported with content analysis of landholder comments was used.

Findings: This research highlights that impediments to the adoption of soil health programs are affected by region and that this is likely influenced by the availability, enthusiasm and motivation of surrounding environmental service providers. While the initial investment in soil health management is perceived as an impediment, landholders indicate that production longevity and long-term financial gain are achievable. Education is not viewed as an impediment by landholders, but cannot be ruled out as an impediment due to the increasing complexities of farming and the displayed knowledge of landholders.

Practical implications: Impediments and incentives to the adoption of soil health management plans have been identified. This provides for strategic planning in promotion and adoption of such plans, as well as identifying priority issues of concern.

Originality/Value: In investigating the impediments and incentives associated with adoption of soil health management plans, strategies for adoption can be formulated and pressing areas of concern are identified.