Antidoping Education Using a Lifelong Situated Activity-Based Approach: Evidence,Conception, and Challenges

Studies have shown that doping behavior emerges from contexts. Educational research would therefore be enriched by explorations of the situatedness of athletes’ activity and its dynamics of development inside sporting life courses. The principles can be summarized as (a) the connection between antidoping and athletes’ time-specific and meaningful concerns, (b) the creation of fields of possible activity that preserve athletes from doping, (c) the focus on propensities toward activities that pull athletes away from doping, and (d) the regular and timely updating of programs. Following this, the general framework for the antidoping education of elite athletes comprises four levels articulated by their distribution over the periods of athletes’ careers: (a) creating and maintaining a global antidoping culture via continuous socialization, (b) developing a sustained antidoping background via situated activities, (c) supporting punctual and specific needs with free services for all athletes, and (d) promoting tertiary prevention and post-career education.     

El impacto del ordenador en la organización de la escuela: perspectivas para la investigación

No puede hablarse en abstracto de las virtudes o insuficiencias del ordenador con «el niño» o «la educación». La investigación y experimentación educativa actuales se dirigen a ver cuántos ordenadores y en qué contextos y para qué actividades interactúan en el proceso educativo.

El concepto de «apropiación» que se deriva de la teoría socio-histórica subraya que las escuelas pueden aprovechar la tecnología para objetivos muy distintos de los previstos por el investigador.     

Time! What’s that? You’re joking,I don’t have any!

The purpose of this study is to understand how lecturers delivering college-based higher education viewed their workloads, and how this (if at all), influenced their engagement in scholastic activities, which may then enable them to become more knowledgeable in their chosen field of study. The research was of a qualitative nature, whereby semi-structured, in-depth interviews were undertaken with 26 individual lecturers employed at different further education colleges throughout the Yorkshire and Humber region. It was found that lack of time and onerous administrative responsibilities on top of their current workload were two of the major issues these lecturers were facing in their current roles. As a result, it is recommended that an independent audit be conducted to ascertain FE lecturers’ contact time with students and that ways in which to reduce their administrative duties be considered.     

Walking on egg shells: the significance of socio‐cultural factors in the mentoring of primary school students

In this article I present evidence based on primary student teachers' accounts about the way in which socio‐cultural factors in placement schools affected the quality of their experiences. I examine the proposition that school culture has a significant impact upon performance, and that the strain of adjusting to school values and expectations can lead to stress and loss of confidence for a significant minority of students. I suggest that effective mentoring needs to take close account of students' socialisation into the school culture, as failure to do so may adversely influence their teaching effectiveness and well‐being.     

Book Reviews

Mentors responsible for student primary teachers on school placement were asked about the qualities they expected to see in their trainees. The key finding from an analysis of their responses was that although they were concerned with abilities relating to planning and teaching, the majority of responses were to do with student teachers’ personal attributes. Evidence from this small‐scale survey suggested that mentors believed that unless certain personal qualities and attitudes were present in student teachers, the process of teaching‐and‐learning was unlikely to be effective, however well planned and executed it was. The virtue of ‘being willing’ figured particularly strongly in mentors’ replies, raising difficult questions about the significance of relationships, character, and personality as determinants in teaching effectiveness. The implications for student teachers’ professional growth in demonstrating willingness through their positive response to mentors’ advice form a key element of the article.     

General Mass Communication

THE KNOWLEDGE INDUSTRY 200: 1983 EDITION—AMERICA'S TWO HUNDRED LARGEST MEDIA AND INFORMATION COMPANIES (White Plains, N.Y.: Knowledge Industry Publications, 1983---price not given, paper; with hardback edition available from Gale Research Co., Detroit---$98.00)

MASS COMMUNICATION THEORY: AN INTRODUCTION by Denis McQuail (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1983---$25.00/$12.50)

CREATING MEDIA CULTURE by Robert P. Snow (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1983---$25.00/ $12.50)

THE CRITICAL COMMUNICATIONS REVIEW, VOLUME I: LABOR, THE WORKING CLASS, AND THE MEDIA edited by Vincent Mosco and Janet Wasko (Norwood, N.J.: Ablex, 1983---$37.50/$21.95)

MARCONI TO McLUHAN: A SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF N.Y. TIMES SUNDAY MAGAZINE ARTICLES ON COMMUNICATION, 1900-1980 by Gerald V. Flannery (Department of Communication, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504---$12.00, paper)

INTRODUCTION TO MASS COMMUNICATION by Jay Black and Frederick C. Whitney (Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown, 1983---price not given, paper)     

World Communication

WORLD BROADCASTING IN THE AGE OF THE SATELLITE by W. J. Howell, Jr. (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1986—$45.00/27.50)

MEDIA IN COMPETITION: THE FUTURE OF PRINT AND ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN 22 COUNTRIES by George Wedell and Georg-Michael Luyken ($30.00, paper, 173 pp.)

LOCAL RADIO AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE by Philip Crookes and Patrick Vittet-Philippe ($26.00, paper “Media Monograph No. 7,” 162 pp.)

NEW MEDIA POLITICS: COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES IN WESTERN EUROPE edited by Denis McQuail and Karen Siune (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1986—$40.00/14.95)

THE POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE GLOBAL SPREAD OF VIDEOCASSETTE RECORDERS AND PROGRAMMING by Gladys Ganley and Oswald Ganley (Harvard Program on Information Resources Policy, 200 Aiken, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 price not given, paper)

XEROX: AMERICAN SAMURAI by Gary Jacobson and John Hillkirk (New York: Macmillan, 1986—$18.95)

A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE—THE INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION: THE MEDIA AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES by Gunnar Garbo (Paris: Unesco Communication Documentation Centre, [or, write Public Information, Unesco, 2 United Nations Plaza, Room 900, NY 10017] 1986(?)—price not given, paper)     

Using saliency maps to separate competing processes in infant visual cognition

This article presents an eye‐tracking study using a novel combination of visual saliency maps and “area‐of‐interest” analyses to explore online feature extraction during category learning in infants. Category learning in 12‐month‐olds (N = 22) involved a transition from looking at high‐saliency image regions to looking at more informative, highly variable object parts. In contrast, 4‐month‐olds (N = 27) exhibited a different pattern displaying a similar decreasing impact of saliency accompanied by a steady focus on the object’s center, indicating that targeted feature extraction during category learning develops across the 1st year of life. These results illustrate how the effects of lower and higher level processes may be disentangled using a combined saliency map and area‐of‐interest analysis.