A Longitudinal Study on Stability and Transitions Among Bullying Roles

Trajectories of stability and change in bullying roles were examined through a longitudinal prospective study of 916 school students followed up biannually from age 11 to 17. Perpetrators and victims had relatively stable trajectories with most of the children remaining in the same role over time or becoming uninvolved. Bully/victim was the most unstable role with frequent transitions to perpetrators or victims. Developmental change in bullying roles was found with a decrease in physical forms over time in bullies and victims but with persistently high perpetration and victimization in bully/victims. These findings open new horizons in research and practice related to bullying and can be useful for its early detection or design of targeted interventions.     

探析ICT环境下的信息素养

信息与通信技术（ICT）的迅猛发展和广泛运用改变了传统的知识媒介和人类的读写基础。新的读写环境要求社会个体具备新的信息素养。信息素养是一个统一连贯的有机整体,至少应包括信息搜索能力、信息读取能力、信息评估能力、信息组织能力和信息再使用能力等五种基本能力。信息素养对社会个体提出了新的认知要求,改变了社会个体的学习模式和知识积累过程,开辟了教育教学的新思路和新的科研领域。本文从观察信息与通信技术的表现形式及其影响入手,深入探对了信息素养的构成要素、认知要求及影响。     

Creative and logical thinking in adolescents

Conclusion In general terms the study indicates for the three schools examined the relationship between the academic grade of junior secondary advanced science students and creative right hemispheric thinking is weak, but the relationship between the student's grade and rational logical thinking is much stronger. It may be that such relationships are a natural consequence of maturation and not related to the work done in the school. Most educators would feel that the school system has some effect. If each child is going to realise one's full thinking potential, it is important that the creative and holistic modes of thinking be developed. In a future world which will be immersed in rapid change the need for this type of thinking is even more acute.     

How multi-levels of individual and team learning interact in a public healthcare organisation: a conceptual framework

The aim of this paper is to review the relevant literature on organisational learning and offer a preliminary conceptual framework as a basis to explore how the multi-levels of individual learning and team learning interact in a public healthcare organisation. The organisational learning literature highlights a need for further understanding of how the multi-levels of organisational learning interact and a broadly accepted theory of organisational learning has not yet emerged. Organisational learning is a multi-level concept and while there has been some multi-level research, more is required to understand the mechanisms that facilitate the flow of learning between the levels. This paper explores multi-level learning, using action learning as a basis through which we consider how individual learning and team learning interact. The preliminary conceptual framework seeks to contribute to our understanding of the interaction between the individual and team levels of learning and the processes and conditions that facilitate or hinder the flow of learning. As this framework provides a means of exploring individual learning in a team setting it has the potential to develop understanding as to how to enhance the effectiveness of learning interactions in the healthcare sector and other sectors. In turn this exploration could lead to enhanced understanding of the mechanisms involved in the flow of learning.     

Diurnal patterning of eight activities in 14 species of muroid rodents

The diurnal patterning of locomotion, stereotypy, grooming, eating, drinking, sleeping, postural readjustment, and inactivity was studied in 14 species of muroid rodents in the laboratory using a visual observation technique.Microtus canicaudus, M. montanus, M. ochrogaster, andM. pennsylvanicus exhibited acyclic activity patterns, whilePeromyscus eremicus,P. gossypinus, P. leucopus, P. maniculatus bairdi, P. polionotus, Calomys callosus, Mus musculus, andOnychomys leucogaster displayed nocturnality in their behavioral patterning.Rhabdomys pumilio exhibited crepuscular activities andNeofiber alleni displayed a complex pattern of nocturnality. Species differed in total amount of time spent per day for all activities but eating. The acyclicity ofMicrotus species appears to be related to high metabolic rates and a semifossorial life-style.     

Attenuated and enhanced neophobia in the taste-aversion “delay of reinforcement” effect

Learning & Behavior - Rats were made ill immediately or 6 h after drinking either familiar tap water or a novel .1% saccharin solution. Control animals were given sham treatments immediately...