南京市基础教育设施空间结构及其演化

针对传统的基础教育设施研究偏重数量和静态视角的现状,以2006-2015年南京市8区基础教育设施为研究对象,采用平均最邻近距离法分析空间集聚性、采用核密度法分析空间热点演化、采用社会网络分析方法与拟合模型探讨教育设施分布及联系网络特征,采用重心椭圆方法分析教育质量的变化。结果表明：幼儿园和小学空间集聚性增强,初中和高中则减弱,除初中外平均邻近距离均下降;除高中外各设施高密度区域范围显著扩大,小学大致呈单核结构扩张,初中呈双核向三核转变的趋势,幼儿园在江宁区形成新极核;名校设立分校的教育联系网络发展的空间差异总体呈先升后降趋势,优质教育设施区位选择受行政界线制约的程度先增后减;教育质量的重心总体先向北后向西移动,高质区域总体呈扩大趋势,但主要仍集中于鼓楼区。基于以上研究结论,提出完善教育设施规划的建议。     

Developments in electronography for astronomical research

Astronomers are always interested in detecting and observing the faintest, most distant objects in the Universe. Electronography has the advantages over photography where it counts most—when observing the faintest objects. The technical problems involved in the development of electronography are here reviewed, and recent advances and observations with the RGO camera are described.     

Rates of invention: international patent comparisons

The increased patenting activity of foreign nationals in the United States has been a source of recent concern, and the fear has been expressed that the US is becoming relatively less technologically inventive. This paper investigates some possible causes of the increased foreign patenting activity and also briefly examines the determinants of patent filings by a country's own residents. The countries covered include: Canada, France, West Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.Based on data on patent applications filed and some preliminary regression analysis, the paper finds that the rising foreign patenting activity in the US probably does not reflect increased foreign inventiveness vis-à-vis the US. However, foreign innovativeness may be increasing relative to the US. Over the period 1963 – 1974, the domestic patent base, measured by the number of patent applications filed by nationals in their home countries, has shown little change in any country except for Japan. Rather, multiple patent applications and a greater propensity to patent abroad, induced by the possibilities of exporting, appear to be the sources of the increase in foreign patent applications in the US and also in Japan.     

黑社会的制衡

在校园，黑社会，以及国际事务中，一些组织总是试图用武力从其他组织手中掠夺财物。当他们拥有绝对的实力优势时，便会肆无忌惮地进行攻击，目标是获取财富。有时，个人或组织也会联合起来，组成一个临时聪盟以获取财富或阻止对手的进攻。     

A theoretical analysis of the role of social networks in entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship involves innovation and uncertainty. We outline a theory of entrepreneurship, which highlights the importance of social networks in promoting innovation and reducing uncertainty. Our findings suggest that this “social” aspect of entrepreneurship increases the probability of entrepreneurial success. The results also lend credence to theories of entrepreneurship that suggest that entrepreneurial opportunities are formed endogenously by the entrepreneurs who create them. We also consider the public policy implications of our findings.     

Erfassung von Schülerselbsteinschätzungen zum schulbezogenen Sozial- und Lernverhalten – Validierung der Schülereinschätzliste für Sozial- und Lernverhalten (SSL)

The Self-Report Checklist for Social and Learning Behaviour (SSL) is a student questionnaire comparable to the Teacher Report Checklist for Social and Learning Behaviour. The SSL assesses ten facets of social and learning behaviour using self-reports by students. The present study of 1267 students aged 9 to 19 years examines the factorial structure, psychometric properties and validity of this questionnaire. The reliabilities (Cronbach’s Alpha, retest) of all ten scales were sufficiently good and the postulated factorial structure was found in exploratory as well as in confirmatory factor analysis. Correlations of SSL-scales with scales of the Differencial Aggression Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as well as with grades in German and mathematics indicated mainly convergent and divergent validity. Furthermore, positive correlations were found to corresponding teacher ratings.