Reliability and validity of the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 in young soccer players

Abstract

The present study investigated the test-retest reliability from the Yo-Yo IR1 (distance and heart rate responses), and the ability of the Yo-Yo IR1 to differentiate between elite and non-elite youth soccer players. A total of 228 youth soccer players (11–17 years) participated: 78 non-elite players to examine the test-retest reliability within 1 week, added with 150 elite players to investigate the construct validity. The main finding was that the distance covered was adequately reproducible in the youngest age groups (U13 and U15) and highly reproducible in the oldest age group (U17). Also, the physiological responses were highly reproducible in all age groups. Moreover, the Yo-Yo IR1 test had a high-discriminative ability to distinguish between elite and non-elite young soccer players. Furthermore, age-related standards for the Yo-Yo IR1 established for elite and non-elite groups in this study may be used for comparison of other young soccer players.     

Book review

Stay tuned. A history of American broadcasting, Third Edition written by Christopher H. Sterling and John Michael Kittross. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, New Jersey, London, 2002, 975 pages, ISBN 0–8058–2624–6, www.erlbaum.com

Media Ownership, written by Gillian Doyle. Sage, London, 2002, ISBN 007619–6680–3/007619–6681–1 (pbk)

Internet management issues: A global perspective, edited by John D. Haynes. Idea Publishing Group, 2002, 340 pages, ISBN 1–930708–21–1, www.idea-group.com     

The Influence of a Shortened Magazine Supply Duration on Newsstand Magazine Sales

This article examines how shortened magazine supply duration of magazines effects newsstand sales. Based on a quasi-experimental design, panel data are gathered from a total of 33 newsstand vendors in cooperation with a magazine wholesaler in southwestern Germany. As results show, a shortening in magazines' supply duration does not lead to a significant decrease in a newsstand vendor's or a wholesaler's overall revenues. Furthermore, diverse categories of magazines are affected differently by a shortening of supply durations.     

教育中的新制度主义

制度理论一直将教育领域作为一个重要的研究对象。近十几年来,在教育领域出现了三个显著的变化,它们分别是教育服务提供从单一走向多元、教育系统结构从松散变为紧密以及教育制度重要性的增加。这些教育制度变化的新对于以往制度理论的基本命题提出了挑战,要求重新审视一些制度关系,如同形性与多样性、合法性与效率、松散性与紧密性、制度约束与制度创新、政府与市场等。这预示着对于教育领域进行制度研究的广阔前景。     

Functioning and participation problems of students with ASD in higher education: which reasonable accommodations are effective?

Abstract

Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience various functioning and participation problems in higher education, which may cause difficulties such as drop out or low grade point averages. However, it remains unclear how often and during which teaching and evaluation methods the functioning and participation problems occur and which reasonable accommodations are effective in dealing with them. These gaps in the literature are addressed in this survey-based study. In total, 43 students with ASD, 30 student counsellors and 43 students without a disability of institutions of higher education in Flanders (Belgium) participated in the study. The results show that students with ASD most frequently experience problems with verbal and non-verbal communication, are oversensitive to change and have difficulty distinguishing the gist of the syllabus from the details. Furthermore, it is shown that, on average, these problems arise mostly during classical teaching and evaluation methods. Finally, the perceived effectiveness of reasonable accommodations is dependent on the functioning and participation problem experienced by the student with ASD in higher education. In conclusion, both personal and environmental characteristics should be taken into account when selecting and implementing reasonable accommodations for these students.     

Editorial des Geschäftsführenden Herausgebers zum Beginn des 10. Jahrgangs der ZfE

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Characteristics of high-level youth soccer players: variation by playing position

The present study aimed to investigate positional differences in 744 high-level soccer players, aged 8 to 18 years. Players were assigned to six age groups (U9–U19) and divided into four playing positions (goalkeeper (GK), defender (DEF), midfielder (MF) and attacker (ATT)). MANOVA and effect sizes were used to examine anthropometrical and functional characteristics between all positions in all age groups. The main findings of the study were that GKs and DEFs were the tallest and heaviest compared with MFs and ATTs in all age groups. Further, between U9–U15, no significant differences in functional characteristics were found, except for dribbling skill, which MFs performed the best. In the U17–U19 age groups, ATTs seemed to be the most explosive (with GKs), the fastest and the more agile field players. These results suggest that inherent physical capacities (i.e., speed, power, agility) might select players in or reject players from an attacking position, which is still possible from U15–U17. Apparently, players with excellent dribbling skills at younger age are more likely to be selected to play as a MF, although, one might conclude that the typical physical characteristics for different positions at senior level are not yet fully developed among young soccer players between 8 and 14 years.