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31.
This issue is a tribute to Har Gobind Khorana who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 for the elucidation of the Genetic Code. Here we present our view of the changing and ever-challenging perception of the genetic code over the last 50 years. 相似文献
32.
The impact of new public management instruments on PhD education 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
New public governance emphasises less state, more market and more hierarchy as the cornerstones for effective steering of
higher education institutions. Based on an explorative analysis of qualitative and quantitative data of fourteen German and
European economics departments, we investigate the steering effects of six new public management instruments in the years
2001 and 2002 on subsequent placement success of PhD graduates. Using crisp set Qualitative Comparative Analysis to analyse
the data, our results deliver strong support for the positive effects of competition for resources and the varying effects
of hierarchy on PhD education. Governance of successful departments is characterised by two solutions: transparency over academic achievements as one single success factor in each solution or a combination of additional
funding based on national competitive performance with either no
public policy regulations for departments or no
university regulations for departments. Governance of unsuccessful departments is characterised by one solution: university
regulations for departments or a combination of no
additional
funding based on national
competitive performance and no
transparency over academic achievements. Our results strengthen the strong impact of selected competitive mechanisms as an effective governance instrument and the
partially detrimental effects of state regulations. University regulations turn out to be successful if they increase transparency
over academic achievements by faculty members. Success is unlikely if those rules intervene into PhD education. 相似文献
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Dieter Deprez Job Fransen Jan Boone Matthieu Lenoir Renaat Philippaerts Roel Vaeyens 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(3):243-254
The present study aimed to investigate positional differences in 744 high-level soccer players, aged 8 to 18 years. Players were assigned to six age groups (U9–U19) and divided into four playing positions (goalkeeper (GK), defender (DEF), midfielder (MF) and attacker (ATT)). MANOVA and effect sizes were used to examine anthropometrical and functional characteristics between all positions in all age groups. The main findings of the study were that GKs and DEFs were the tallest and heaviest compared with MFs and ATTs in all age groups. Further, between U9–U15, no significant differences in functional characteristics were found, except for dribbling skill, which MFs performed the best. In the U17–U19 age groups, ATTs seemed to be the most explosive (with GKs), the fastest and the more agile field players. These results suggest that inherent physical capacities (i.e., speed, power, agility) might select players in or reject players from an attacking position, which is still possible from U15–U17. Apparently, players with excellent dribbling skills at younger age are more likely to be selected to play as a MF, although, one might conclude that the typical physical characteristics for different positions at senior level are not yet fully developed among young soccer players between 8 and 14 years. 相似文献
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Dieter Lohr 《Higher Education in Europe》2001,26(4):547-552
The instructor in a course in German writing offered electronically at the University of Konstanz in Germany to students at the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Ias¸i describes the course. He has used it to teach different styles of writing interactively and to initiate his students in the use of the computer and the Web for the undertaking of research in German literature. He has attempted to structure and to operate his course in such a way as to bring the special characteristics of on-line teaching and learning to the fore and not simply to replicate a traditional course on-line, a frequent situation with on-line teaching and learning. 相似文献
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This paper reports the findings from a survey conducted in Australia to explore current practices relating to knowledge management (KM) and intellectual capital (IC). A systematic approach in the form of the intellectual capital web guided the research. Findings revealed that KM was perceived to be more about developing knowledge culture than about managing organisational processes and structure. IC was perceived to be more about human capital than about customer capital and organisational capital. It can therefore be concluded that human capital holds the greatest importance for KM and IC. However, when facilitators for knowledge creation and knowledge sharing were rated, organisation structure was perceived to be more important than organisational culture and information technology. For KM practices, participants indicated that more attention was paid to training and developing employees and less to measurement and reward and incentive issues. The importance of aligning the management of IC and KM was perceived to be more important than the difficulty of doing so. 相似文献