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151.
Douglas M. Teti Julie Wolfe Sakin Elizabeth Kucera Kathleen M. Corns Rina Das Eiden 《Child development》1996,67(2):579-596
The present study examined preschool-age firstborns' adjustment to siblinghood, as indexed by security of firstborn-mother attachment, in a sample of 194 2-parent families. Security of firstborn attachment decreased significantly after a secondborn's birth, but the size of the decrease was smaller among firstborns under 24 months relative to 2–5-year-olds. Mothers' marital harmony and affective involvement with firstborns predicted firstborn security before and after the baby's birth, whereas mothers' psychiatric symptoms predicted firstborn security only after the birth. Post-hoc analyses of select subgroups revealed that mothers of firstborns with high security scores before the newborn's birth, regardless of whether scores remained high or dropped after the birth, showed higher levels of psychosocial and behavioral functioning than did mothers of firstborns with consistently low security scores at both time points. However, substantial drops in firstborn security after a secondborn's birth were associated with higher maternal psychiatric symptom scores both prior to and following the birth. Results suggest that quality of firstborn adjustment to siblinghood can be predicted from both structural and familial aspects of the firstborn environment. 相似文献
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Exploiting variation in welfare reform across states and over time and using relevant comparison groups, this study estimates the effects of welfare reform on an important source of human capital acquisition among women at risk for relying on welfare: vocational education and training. The results suggest that welfare reform reduced enrollment in full-time vocational education and had no significant effects on part-time vocational education or participation in other types of work-related courses, though there appears to be considerable heterogeneity across states with respect to the strictness of educational policy and the strength of work incentives under welfare reform. In addition, we find evidence of heterogeneous effects by prior educational attainment. We find no evidence that the previously observed negative effects of welfare reform on formal education (including college enrollment), which we replicated in this study, have been offset by increases in vocational education and training. 相似文献
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158.
Chandana Das V. Senthil Kumar Sayantani Basak Surabhi Gupta Sunesh Kumar 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2000,15(1):60-62
A female patient who had two primary cancers was investigated. Biochemical analysis of patient's serum for different parameters
indicated an alteration in the metabolic process. Prognostically, the patient has shown favourable clinical features. 相似文献
159.
Surekha Bhat Guruprasad Rao K. Dilip Murthy P. Gopalakrishna Bhat 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(2):191-194
High ambient temperature has been reported to increase oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation and decreasing antioxidant
defence in transition dairy cows. It is also known to cause an increase in plasma cortisol levels in goats, European hedgehog
and human volunteers. High levels of glucocorticoids have been reported to decrease blood glutathione and erythrocyte superoxide
dismutase activity in rats. Although institutional animal houses in research laboratories of developed countries maintain
animals in air-conditioned rooms at constant temperature, the same is not true of animal houses in the developing countries
especially those belonging to smaller institutions and this could affect the results of the experiments being conducted on
these animals. The present research study was done to assess the effects of seasonal variations on the status of erythrocyte
oxidative damage, antioxidant defence and plasma cortisol levels in adult female Wistar rats. Rats were kept in their home
cages and were left in non-air-conditioned procedure rooms in two different seasons, Hot season (March-May) and Cool season
(June to September). Erythrocyte Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and plasma cortisol levels were significantly increased
in rats exposed to high ambient temperature and humidity of the hot season as compared to the rats of the cool season. Erythrocyte
reduced glutathione levels, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly decreased
in the hot season group of rats. The results of our experiments showed that exposure of adult female Wistar rats to high ambient
temperature and humidity of the hot season increases neuroendocrine stress, oxidative stress and decreases antioxidant defence
in them. 相似文献
160.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and parenting outcomes including parenting stress, feelings of competence and discipline strategies. Maternal depression and current partner violence were hypothesized to be mediators of the association between CSA and parenting. METHOD: This study is based on secondary data analysis of archived data. The participants were 263 primiparous mothers (107 with a history of CSA and 156 comparison mothers recruited from a prenatal clinic prior to the birth of their first child. Mothers were interviewed twice: once when they were between 28 and 32 weeks gestation and again when their child was between 2 and 4 years of age. During the first interview, women were asked about childhood experiences of sexual abuse. During their second interview, they were asked about current symptoms of pathology and experiences with partner violence and parenting beliefs and practices. RESULTS: Structural Equation Modeling indicated that the relationship between CSA and punitive discipline was mediated by maternal depression and current partner violence. CSA was associated with higher maternal depression and higher partner violence. CSA, maternal depression, and current partner violence were associated with more negative parental perceptions and higher punitive discipline. Once maternal depression and current partner violence were in the model, the relationship between CSA and parenting outcomes was no different from zero. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the risks associated with CSA for parenting outcomes and suggest two potential pathways for this increased risk. 相似文献