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171.
Dirk Siebert Patrick Neumann Armin Schulz Gabriele Faulkner und Thomas Tolxdorff 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2001,16(2):93-102
Zusammenfassung. Für ein vollst?ndig computergestütztes Planungssystem zum Zwecke der kieferchirurgischen Operationsplanung ist die Bereitstellung
von virtuellen Werkzeugen für den Chirurgen eine grundlegende Voraussetzung. Ausgehend von den Volumendaten mit Sch?del- und
Kieferknochen des Patienten erm?glicht ein einfaches Interface unter Verwendung einer geeigneten Visualisierung und haptischer
Eingabeger?te die interaktive Definition und Manipulation einzelner virtueller Knochensegmente. Wir haben moderne kraftrückgekoppelte
Ger?te aus dem Niedrigpreisbereich eingebunden und auf ihre F?higkeit untersucht, das dreidimensionale Verst?ndnis im Planungsproze?durch
Anlehnung an die Vorg?nge bei der chirurgischen Prozedur zu erh?hen. Durch diese Eingabeger?te ist es m?glich, die Knochensegmentierung
für eine Osteotomie des Unterkiefers intuitiver und schneller durchzuführen. Die definierten Teilvolumina ergeben zusammen
mit ihrer r?umlichen Neuanordnung auf Grundlage einer kephalometrischen Analyse einen Operationsplan. Nach erfolgter Planung
werden die Planungsergebnisse in den Operationssaal übertragen. Die intraoperativen Techniken beinhalten die Visualisierung
der Planungsergebnisse, die Steuerung der Anwendung über Sprache und die Bestimmung der Patientenposition mittels eines elektromagnetischen
3D-Trackingsystems.
Eingegangen am 27. April 2000 / Angenommen am 21. Februar 2001 相似文献
172.
Matthieu J. S. Brinkhuis Marjan Bakker Gunter Maris 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2015,52(3):319-338
The amount of data available in the context of educational measurement has vastly increased in recent years. Such data are often incomplete, involve tests administered at different time points and during the course of many years, and can therefore be quite challenging to model. In addition, intermediate results like grades or report cards being available to pupils, teachers, parents, and policy makers might influence future performance, which adds to the modeling difficulties. We propose the use of simple data filters to obtain a reduced set of relevant data, which allows for simple checks on the relative development of persons, items, or both. 相似文献
173.
A combination of two new, but very different, approaches to the prediction of readability could be particularly valuable in evaluating English texts written for native and non-native speakers. One approach develops the concept of lexical density, whereas the other is a novel measurement of two mechanical variables of text. The paper first outlines the traditional approach to readability. Next, it explains the concept of lexical density, and presents the results of a pilot study into reader preferences for different levels of density in text. It then offers an alternative approach to readability that uses sentence and ‘packet’ lengths. Finally, it indicates how the two approaches have been combined into a computer software program, and suggests the direction of future work. Our conclusions are threefold. Firstly, the lexical density of text is a better indicator of its readability than the scores given by many of the more common readability formulae. Secondly, the effective breaking up of sentences into ‘packets’ is as important to readability as sentence length. Finally, in looking at the mechanical variables of texts, we should not only be concerned with averages, but with distributions and most frequently occurring values. 相似文献
174.
Kurt De Wit Dirk Heerwegh Jef C. Verhoeven 《Education and Information Technologies》2012,17(2):205-231
In the last decade, ICT use has expanded enormously in most Western countries. In line with this development, we hypothesised
that freshmen at university would not only have mastered more ICT skills, but would also use computers more often than their
counterparts of 5 years previously. To compare students’ opinions and behaviour between 2005 and 2009, responses to two online
questionnaires (N = 714 in 2005 and N = 1529 in 2009) offered at a large university were compared. The main variables of the Technology Acceptance Model (as well
as facilitating factors, study motivation and some contextual variables) were used as predictors to explore the possible changes
between 2005 and 2009 in the mastering of 19 ICT skills, and the frequency of the use of computers for six different tasks.
The results of the study show that freshmen became more proficient in some ICT skills, while proficiency in other skills did
not change or even dropped. Gender is still an important factor to predict ICT skills and the frequency of using computers,
but it is shown that for some skills female students have caught up with their male counterparts. 相似文献
175.
Pablo Pirnay-Dummer Dirk Ifenthaler J. Michael Spector 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2010,58(1):3-18
Effective and efficient measurement of the development of skill and knowledge, especially in domains of human activity that involve complex and challenging problems, is important with regard to workplace and academic performance. However, there has been little progress in the area of practical measurement and assessment, due in part to the lack of automated tools that are appropriate for assessing the acquisition and development of complex cognitive skills. In the last 2 years, an international team of researchers has developed and validated an integrated set of assessment tools called highly integrated model assessment technology and tools (HIMATT) which addresses this deficiency. HIMATT is web-based and has been shown to scale up for practical use in educational and workplace settings, unlike many of the research tools developed solely to study basic issues in human learning and performance. In this paper, we describe the functions of HIMATT and demonstrate several applications for its use. Additionally, we present two studies on the quality and usability of HIMATT. We conclude with research suggestions for the use of HIMATT and for its further development. 相似文献
176.
Jan G.M. Kooloos Sophie Bolt Joop van der Straaten Dirk J. Ruiter 《Anatomical sciences education》2010,3(6):323-325
On All Saints Day 2009 a monument for body donors was unveiled by the Department of Anatomy, at the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre (RUNMC). Although body donation to medical science contributes substantially to the quality of medical education, the ceremony was only the first time that the RUNMC publicly reciprocated the anatomical gift. By means of the monument the department of Anatomy endeavors to express gratitude for the gift of body donors and raise awareness among students to value the gift and treat donor bodies with the proper respect. Furthermore, the large attendance of bereaved at the unveiling ceremony, revealed another equally important meaning of the monument, which is the significance of the monument to the donor kin. The wish of a body donor has large implications for the way bereaved can take leave of the donor; there is limited time to bade the deceased farewell, the body will not be available for a funeral, and the donor kin stay behind empty handed without even a grave or ashes. Therefore the monument can be meaningful by facilitating the bereaved with a place of commemoration. The design of the monument anticipates on these multiple meanings and symbolisms by placing an old marble dissection table in the shape of an altar and fixing a bronze sculpture of a phoenix as symbol of imperishableness. Anat Sci Educ. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
177.
178.
Using Freudenthal’s method of historical phenomenology, the history of statistics was investigated as a source of inspiration
for instructional design. Based on systematically selected historical examples, hypotheses were formulated about how students
could be supported in learning to reason with particular statistical concepts and graphs. Such a historical study helped to
distinguish different aspects and levels of understanding of concepts and helped us as instructional designers to look through
the eyes of students. In this paper, we focus on an historical phenomenology of mean and median, and give examples of how
hypotheses stemming from the historical phenomenology led to the design of instructional activities used for teaching experiments
in grades 7 and 8 (12–14-years old). 相似文献
179.
During one school year, data were collected for vocational education students while they worked collaboratively on open-ended mathematics problems. In collaboration with participating teachers, instructional activities were designed with a twofold goal of modelling the process of problem solving and improving collaboration. Instructional activities were based on scaffolding instruction and included modelling problem solving, stimulating reflection, and giving feedback on the process of collaboration. These activities were gradually developed and implemented in collaboration with teachers who participated in the study. The main research question in this study was whether student collaboration while working in small groups creates a learning context where students work on open-ended problems and where instructional activities are aimed at stimulating collaborative problem solving in mathematics.To answer the research question, an experiment was undertaken in two classes in different schools. Two groups of students were videotaped while they tried to solve mathematics problems collaboratively. Observational data were analysed with a schema that was developed as part of this research. Analyses of the data showed that, in both groups, collaboration-oriented patterns increased during the school year. It is argued that the approach of gradual implementation of instructional activities that are designed in cooperation with participating teachers is effective in stimulating collaborative problem solving. 相似文献
180.
Kindergarten children at risk of developing language problems were administered the Florida Kindergarten Screening Battery.
A principal components analysis revealed a verbal and a visual-spatial component and subsequent discriminant function analyses
a high verbal/low visual-spatial group (LAL: Latent L) and a high visual-spatial/low verbal group (LAP: Latent P). LAL- and
LAP-children were considered at risk for developing an L- or P-type of dyslexia, respectively. As is common practice with
children suffering from manifest L- or P- dyslexia, the LAL- and LAP-kindergartners received right and left hemisphere stimulation,
respectively. The outcomes were compared with those of bilateral hemispheric stimulation and no intervention. Reading tests
were administered in primary school Grades 1 and 5/6; teachers’ evaluation of reading took place in Grade 5/6. Overall, the
LAL- and LAP- groups showed significant backwardness in word and text reading, both at early and late primary school. Types
of intervention made a difference though: not significantly backward in early word, late word, and late text reading were
the LAL-children who had received right hemisphere stimulation. Nonintervened LAP-children did not show significant backwardness
in early word reading and late text reading, nor did LAP-children who had received left hemisphere or bilateral stimulation.
Early text reading was not affected by any treatment. Teacher’s evaluations were in support of these findings. 相似文献