梁漱溟的早期工业化思想述论

梁漱溟的早期工业化思想来自于他的文化思想,是其乡村建设理论的重要组成部分。他认为现代化过程从根本上来说受制于文化,由于西方的侵略,中国既有的社会结构遭到破坏,西方式的新的社会结构又没能建立,所谓的中国问题,其实亦是文化问题。因此,中国问题的解决,要在重新建设一个社会的组织构造,并将农村的复兴和农业的发展摆在突出的位置。进而,他主张中国的工业化应该走一条以培养有效需求为动力的、由农业到工业、以合作社为主体进行非营利式经营的发展道路,我们称之为"迂回式工业化道路"。这一思想与其对中国国情的特殊认识紧密联系,他试图以乡村建设运动的方式实现文化建国,刷新中国的文化、经济和政治,但却过于重视工业化进程中的文化、社会变迁,忽视了对工业发展自身规律的探讨。而对国家和政府的未来走向所持的悲观论调又决定了他所提出的社会救济方案显得消沉和被动,缺乏实现的可能性。但其对农业的重视、对乡村工业的关照、对资本主义剥削的批判,仍然是其工业化思想的闪光点,这对于现今一系列问题的解决不无借鉴意义。     

高职旅游管理专业人才培养工作若干要点的再思考

高职旅游管理专业的人才培养规格、毕业生从事工作岗位群的重新定位,应以能力本位教育(CBE)的职业教育思想为指导,对培养对象的工作岗位职业能力进行分析,并在此基础上,确定该专业课程体系的构建方案,试行“2 0.5 05”工学交替人才培养模式,走专业教学团队建设的思路。     

关于中国数字图书馆的几点思考

介绍了中国数字图书馆的建设情况及建设数字图书馆的重要意义,着重对数字图书馆资源、数字图书馆建设标准及数字图书馆管理等方面进行了论述。     

Academic socialization,parental educational expectations,and academic self‐efficacy among Latino adolescents

This study examined the direct association between parental educational expectations and adolescents’ academic self‐efficacy, as well as the moderating influence of parental academic socialization messages. Participants were 148 Latino parent–adolescent dyads with the majority of Mexican origin (80.4%). Most of the parent participants were mothers (85.8%). Adolescents were 13 (46%) or 14 (54%) years of age, and 53% identified as female. Adolescents reported their academic self‐efficacy and perceptions of their parents’ educational expectations; parents reported on their academic socialization messages of shame/pressure and effort regarding academics. The results suggest that, after accounting for parents’ level of education and immigrant status, parental educational expectations were positively associated with adolescent academic self‐efficacy. This association was stronger among adolescents whose parents reported transmitting fewer messages of shame/pressure and academic effort. These results point to the importance of nuances in the content and type of academic socialization messages within Latino families.     

浅谈哲学思维的培养对高等教育的意义

哲学思维的特征和我国高等教育的目标决定了哲学思维的培养对高等教育具有举足轻重的作用，因而高等教育不仅要在知识技能层面把学生培养成有各种分门别类的具体知识和技能的专门人才，而且要注重在思维层面以哲学思维来影响、塑造学生。这样才能实现我国高等教育的目标，培养出不局限于功利意义的真正人才。     

不同基因型大豆对硼敏感性的差异

本文采用田间试验方法研究三种基因型大豆北9395、北454和北384对硼敏感性的差异,结果表明,应试的三个大豆基因型在三个硼处理水平中,其单株粒重均随着硼处理浓度的增加而增加,硼促进籽粒干物质的积累;三个大豆基因型对硼的敏感性存在差异,北9395对低硼最敏感,且高硼时易出现中毒症状;北454需硼范围较宽;北384对低硼不敏感;北454和北384高硼时增产明显.     

Beyond educational attainment: The importance of skills and lifelong learning for social outcomes. Evidence for Europe from PIAAC

Empirical evidence suggests that educational attainment nurtures people's social outcomes and promotes active participation in society and stability. However, it is unclear to what extent other types of human capital also correlate with social outcomes. Hence, we explored the opportunity offered by the PIAAC survey through its provision of information on educational attainment, observed individual key skills proficiency, and participation in adult education and training (adult lifelong learning). We therefore studied the association between these human capital variables and social outcomes, and more specifically interpersonal trust and participation in volunteering activities. Results revealed that these social outcomes were affected not only by the formal qualification obtained, determined by the education variable, but also throughout the life‐cycle. Indeed, education and training when undertaken during adult life have a significant impact, especially on volunteering. The fact that the skill proficiency also plays a significant role is extremely relevant, as skills are more likely to change over the life‐cycle, either in a positive or negative way. Whilst the formal education received is constant after exiting the educational system, skills reflect competences more accurately: first, because those with the same level of education may have different skill levels because of differences in the quality of education or ability; second, because skills can vary over time. For example, they may increase with work experience or informal education, or decrease as a result of depreciation and ageing. These findings suggest that social outcomes are prone to be affected by many factors other than formal education, suggesting that policy makers can implement recommendations even after formal education has been completed.     

Adjustment scales for preschool intervention: Extending validity and relevance across multiple perspectives

A series of studies extended psychometric research on the Adjustment Scales for Preschool Intervention (ASPI). The ASPI is a multidimensional measure of preschool emotional and behavioral adjustment for use within formal early childhood educational programs. These studies used a multiple method, multisource approach to provide additional evidence for the reliability and validity of the ASPI. Findings documented inter‐rater reliability of the ASPI across key informants within early childhood educational programs—teachers and teacher assistants. Findings supported concurrent validity of the ASPI with direct observations of preschool classroom adjustment problems and the developmentally salient constructs of temperament and emotion regulation. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 725–736, 2004.     

Development of system thinking skills in the context of earth system education

The current study deals with the development of system thinking skills at the junior high school level. The sample population included about 50 eighth‐grade students from two different classes of an urban Israeli junior high school who studied an earth systems‐based curriculum that focused on the hydro cycle. The study addressed the following research questions: (a) Could the students deal with complex systems?; (b) What has influenced the students' ability to deal with system perception?; and (c) What are the relationship among the cognitive components of system thinking? The research combined qualitative and quantitative methods and involved various research tools, which were implemented in order to collect the data concerning the students' knowledge and understanding before, during, and following the learning process. The findings indicated that the development of system thinking in the context of the earth systems consists of several sequential stages arranged in a hierarchical structure. The cognitive skills that are developed in each stage serve as the basis for the development of the next higher‐order thinking skills. The research showed that in spite of the minimal initial system thinking abilities of the students most of them made some meaningful progress in their system thinking skills, and a third of them reached the highest level of system thinking in the context of the hydro cycle. Two main factors were found to be the source of the differential progress of the students: (a) the students' individual cognitive abilities, and (b) their level of involvement in the knowledge integration activities during their inquiry‐based learning both indoors and outdoors. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

青少年嫉妒心理的表现、特点及对策

在分析青少年嫉妒心理特点的基础上,指出青少年远离嫉妒心理的对策,包括心理预防与心理疏导两个方面。