略论现代速滑训练中的四维心理刺激

在现代速滑训练与比赛中,运动员的心理素质如何,对于比赛的成败是至关重要的.因此,探讨和研究提高运动员心理素质的主要途径,即"四维刺激",具有重要的理论意义和现实意义.     

Teacher verbal behavior following student success and failure

Undergraduate subjects taught identifying traits of animals (fish, reptiles, amphibians, mammals) to a fifth grade student confederate over a microphone. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four conditions in which they failed (F) or succeeded (S) in teaching five animal comparison problems. The four conditions were (a) F, S, S, S, S; (b) F, F, F, S, S; (c) S, F, F, F, S; and (d) S, S, S, F, S. The teaching sessions were tape recorded and analyzed for Teaching Time, Word Rate, and Voice Amplitude. Analyses revealed increased Teaching Time and decreased Word Rate following failure. Voice Amplitude increased across teaching sessions independent of success or failure. Findings were interpreted as more consonant with frustration-aggression than frustrative nonreward energizing theory.     

Selection of prefix and postfix word fragments for data compression

In this paper a simple algorithm is used for selection of a set of codeable substrings that occur at the front or rear of the words in a textual data base. Since the words are assumed to be non-repeating, the technique is useful for data compression of dictionaries. The time complexity of the algorithm is governed by the associated sorting algorithm and hence is 0 (n log n). It has been applied to three sample data bases, consisting of words selected from street names, authors names, or general written English text. The results show that the substrings at the rear of the words, yield better compression than those at the front. By application of results of an earlier study in compression coding, efficient encoding and decoding procedures are presented for use in on-line transmission of data.