Towards a taxonomy of novices' misconceptions of the Prolog interpreter

A series of novice programmers' misconceptions of Prolog flow-of-control and variable unification are identified on the basis of existing empirical evidence, and informal observation. This classification is intended to serve as a first pass attempt towards an understanding of these errors and as a basis for future empirical work.     

The potential of microfluidics-enhanced extrusion bioprinting

Microfluidics-enhanced bioprinting holds great promise in the field of biofabrication as it enables the fabrication of complex constructs with high shape fidelity and utilization of a broad range of bioinks with varying viscosities. Microfluidic systems contain channels on the micrometer-scale, causing a change in fluid behaviors, enabling unconventional bioprinting applications such as facilitating the precise spatial positioning and switching between bioinks with higher accuracy compared to traditional approaches. These systems can roughly be divided into three groups: microfluidic chips, co- and triaxial printheads, and printheads combining both. Although several aspects and parameters remain to be improved, this technology is promising as it is a step toward recapitulating the complex native histoarchitecture of human tissues more precisely. In this Perspective, key research on these different systems will be discussed before moving onto the limitations and outlook of microfluidics-enhanced bioprinting as a whole.     

Instructional Videos for Supporting Older Adults Who Use Interactive Systems

The study reported in this paper investigated the usefulness of different instructions for guiding inexperienced older adults through interactive systems. It was designed to compare different media in relation to their social as well as their motivational impact on the elderly during the learning process. Precisely, the video was compared with textual help and the impact of model age (young versus old) on knowledge acquisition was explored. As a research object, a simulated ticket-vending machine was used. Results show that video-supported knowledge acquisition is better than text, but in relation to model age, no significant differences were found.     

The meaning of out-of-field teaching for educational leadership

Assigning teachers to a position for which they are not suitably qualified influences effective educational leadership. The paper reveals assumptions and misconceptions about the lived experiences of teachers in out-of-field positions and what it means for effective educational leadership. The multilayered meaning of out-of-field teaching for quality education is an international concern which includes countries such as Australia, USA, UK, Korea, Europe, Turkey and South Africa. The paper reports on a transnational qualitative investigation conducted in Australia and South Africa at seven schools in different educational environments. The meaning of lived experiences in relation to out-of-field teaching and educational leadership is explored through the lenses of educational directors, principals, specialist and out-of-field teachers and parents. An in-depth discussion of the practical and social implications unveils taken-for-granted traditions and cultures in relation to out-of-field teaching. The paper concludes with an in-depth discussion of the meaning out-of-field teaching has for educational leadership, while it underlines specific complexities for decision-making and policy development. The need for further research in relation to educational leadership training and professional development in relation to the out-of-field situation is revealed.     

高校学科建设重点工作的虚拟化构想

高校扩招后，许多学校忽视现实条件与办学能力，忽视资源的优化配置与高效运转，导致学校微观教育资源的重复配置，低效运转与浪费现象严重，影响了教学质量。高校学科建设的虚拟化思路与构想，可有效地提高学校核心竞争力与综合办学实力，实现学校教学、科研资源和宏观社会教育资源的优化配置及高效运转。     

汉藏并列复句的比较与翻译

汉语并列复句根据关联词语分为平列、对比、解证三种情况,大多用互相呼应 的关联词语(也有单用的),还有不用关联词语的,是通过语义和逻辑关系来体现的;而藏语表示并列关系的复句大多单用关联词语,互相呼应的关联词极少,藏语表示并列关系的关联语有表示纯语法意义的属格助词、连词、少数副词以及具格助词或副词与一些虚化的实词组合而成的连词等。翻译时根据汉藏并列复句的特点,在译文中要使用恰当的关联词语,汉语中无关联词语的,在译文中要增译相应的关联词语。     

IT in Mathematics across the Curriculum—NCET

Book reviewed in this article: P'raps, P'raps Not By Mary Brading and Michelle Selinger Statistics AEB Maths for AS and A level By David Cassell, Ian Hardwick, Mary Rouncefiled and David Burghes Further Statistics AEB Mathematics for AS and A Level By John White and Roger Williams Heinemann Modular Mathemtics for London AS and A Level Statistics 2 By Greg Attwood and Gill Dyer Understanding Probability and Statistics: A Book of Probliems By Ruma Falk     

International student use of university health and counselling services

A large sample of international students attending an Australian metropolitan university provided data concerning use of university health and counselling services—their perceived need for help, resultant help-seeking, satisfaction with help given, explanations for not seeking help when in need, and variables that predicted help-seeking. Using as criterion the individual’s perceived need for help, we found students were under-utilizing both health and counselling services. Those who did seek help evaluated their experiences positively. The gap between need and action is a concern. Students explained failure to act in terms of insufficient seriousness of problems, lack of information about services and, to a lesser extent, doubts and discomfort about the services. Contrary to views commonly expressed in the literature, student perceptions and responses showed few differences based on cultural background. Within-person variables played a stronger role than culture in accounting for students’ help-seeking decisions.