Serial overshadowing of taste aversion learning by stimuli preceding the target taste

Three experiments tested whether events taking place before a rat has access to a target taste, sucrose, can proactively interfere with the acquisition of a sucrose aversion when sucrose is followed by a lithium chloride injection. Using a serial overshadowing procedure with various delays before lithium injection, proactive interference by a taste (Experiments 1 and 3) and by a novel context (Experiment 2) was found following two conditioning sessions, but not after a single conditioning session. Conversely, overshadowing by a taste given after the target was detectable after a single conditioning trial (Experiment 3) and, thus, indicated that retroactive interference involves a process different from that producing proactive interference. A simulation confirmed that the results are consistent with a modified Rescorla and Wagner (1972) interpretation of Revusky??s (1971) concurrent interference theory of delay learning.     

Communications

CONGLOMERATES AND THE MEDIA by Erik Barnouw, et al. (New York: The New Press, 1998‐$23.00, ISBN 1–56584–386‐X, 190 pp., photos, notes)

THE MEDIA IN QUESTION: POPULAR CULTURES AND PUBLIC INTERESTS by Kees Brants, Joke Hermes, and Liesbet van Zoonen (London: Sage, 1998‐$26.50, paper, ISBN 0–7619–5723–5, 184 pp., references, index)

POLITICS IN WIRED NATIONS: SELECTED WRITINGS OF ITHIEL DE SOLA POOL edited by Lloyd S. Etheredge (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1998‐$44.95, ISBN 1–56000–344–8, 395 pp., tables, figures, notes, bibliography of Pool's works, index)

FREE EXPRESSION AND CENSORSHIP IN AMERICA: AN ENCYCLOPEDIA by Herbert N. Foerstel (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1997‐$65.00, ISBN 0–313–29231–0, 260 pp., table of cases, bibliography, index)

BANNED IN THE MEDIA: A REFERENCE GUIDE TO CENSORSHIP IN THE PRESS, MOTION PICTURES, BROADCASTING, AND THE INTERNET by Herbert N. Foerstel (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998‐price not given, ISBN 0–313–30245–6, 252 pp., notes, appendices, bibliography, index)

MEDIAMAKING: MASS MEDIA IN A POPULAR CULTURE by Lawrence Grossberg, Ellen Wartella, and D. Charles Whitney (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998‐$31.95, ISBN 0–7619–1177–4, paper, 442 pp., diagrams, boxed features, references, index)

SEMINAR ON INTELLIGENCE, COMMAND, AND CONTROL: GUEST PRESENTATIONS, SPRING 1997 (Incidental paper 1–98–2, April 1998, ISBN 1–879716–47‐X, 220 pp.)

AT THE HEART OF EVOLVING LITERACY: A FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION by Morris L. Ernst (Publication P‐97–3, December 1997, ISBN 1–879716–44–5, 115 pp.)

STANDARDS FOR PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES by David J. Goodman (Publication P‐98–1, April 1998, ISBN 1–879716–46–1, 64 pp.)

CONTEXT FOR DECISIONS: GLOBAL AND LOCAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ISSUES by Anthony Oettinger (Incidental Paper I‐98–1, January 1998, ISBN 1–879716–3, 23 pp.)

PLUNKETT'S ENTERTAINMENT & MEDIA INDUSTRY ALMANAC by Jack W. Plunkett (Houston, TX: Plunkett Research, 1998‐$149.99, ISBN 0–9638268–6‐7, 626 pp., tables, index)

MEDIA LITERACY by W. James Potter (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998‐price not given, paper, ISBN 0–7619–0925–7, 406 pp., tables, boxed features, references, annotated chapter guides to further reading, index)

MEDIA MANAGEMENT REVIEW edited by Charles Warner (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1997‐$39.50/22.50, ISBN 0–8058–1787–5 hard, 0–8058–1788–3 paper; 197 pp., tables, notes, index)     

X ECUMENICAL EDUCATION FOR SECOND GRADERS

Its roots are in the experience of World War II. The burgeoning military establishment and associated industries fuel it. Anti‐Communism provides the climate which nurtures it. “It” is a “new American militarism.” General Shoup, a hero of the Battle of Tarawa in 1943, who rose to become Commandant of the United States Marine Corps for four years until his retirement in December, 1963, doesn't like it. He has written this essay in collaboration with another retired Marine officer, Colonel James A. Donovan.

     

The journey through college of seven gifted females: Influences on their career related decisions

Using a multiple‐case study design, this research explored influences on choice of major and career related decisions of seven gifted female students from the end of high school through college over a five‐year period. Major findings suggested that academic preparation opportunities that could limit ability to achieve prominence in chosen careers by limiting access to academic programs and institutions were disappearing for females; future orientation that included dual career marriage and family expectations were consistently expressed over time, and changes in choice of major and institution, as well as career indecision were experienced. Career guidance interventions may have facilitated the career decision making efforts of these gifted females and deficits in career development may be a major barrier to career attainment for gifted females.