Stretching and Challenging the Boundaries of Law: Varieties of Knowledge in Biotechnologies Regulation

The paper addresses the question of adaptation of existing regulatory frameworks in the face of innovation in biotechnologies, and specifically the roles played in this by various expert knowledge practices. We identify two overlapping ideal types of adaptation: first, the stretching and maintenance of a pre-existing legal framework, and second, a breaking of existing classifications and establishment of a novel regime. We approach this issue by focusing on varieties of regulatory knowledge which, contributing to and parting of political legitimacy, in principle enable the making of legally binding decisions about risks and benefits of technologies. We base the discussion around two case studies, one of animal biotechnology ethical regulation, the other of ‘advanced therapy’ medicinal product regulation, both in the context of European Union frameworks. Specifically, we explore the knowledge configurations constituting expert committees and other institutional formations of expert regulatory knowledge in their political context. We show that where sectoral and moral boundaries are challenged, different modes of regulatory knowledge beyond scientific forms – legal, procedural, moral, economic and industrial – can shape regulatory innovations either by maintenance of regimes through commensuration and stretching, or through differentiation and separation creating new frameworks. We conclude that establishing an essential techno-scientific difference between pre-existing and novel technologies does not in itself require new regulatory structures, and that the regulatory strategy that is followed will be determined by a combination of different forms of knowledge.     

关于素质教育的几点思考

面对日新月异的、发展的世界,高等院校应该高度重视和开展素质教育,不断提高大学生的素质。本文重点从社会需要、素质教育的重要性及如何开展素质教育等方面进行了有益的思考和探讨。     

重读毛泽东《体育之研究》的科学启发

本文采用文献分析法和历史比较法,研读了毛泽东的《体育之研究》,以求反映２０世纪毛泽东对现代体育的认识和对中西体育文化的态度。     

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本文从编排和训练的角度,详细论述了健美操的三个核心要素——健、力、美,并指出了影响健美操效果的各种因素,以及健美操中音乐的“灵魂作用”、操与舞的关系、形体美与心灵美的关系等等,为广大健美操工作者及爱好者提供了健美操编排及训练的理论依据。     

运用“体育微格教学”对学生进行教学技能培养

“体育微格教学”是微格教学的一个分支,它是培养和训练体育专业学生掌握某种教学技能、技巧的一种小型教学活动。本文针对我院部分学生教学技能掌握运用现状对“体育微格教学”的运用进行了探讨。