Spannungsfeld Polyvalenz in der Lehrerbildung

The Bologna Process of higher education reform has led to a vast array of different programs of study in German teacher training. In this article, we firstly analyze the implementation of Bachelor programs in teacher training, comparing profession-oriented programs (i.e. those aiming to train students for the teaching profession from the beginning of studies) to polyvalent programs (i.e. those aiming at broad qualifications and including a late decision to become a teacher). Secondly, we investigate whether students enrolled in these study programs differ systematically in their subjective certainty about their career choice. To answer these questions, we analyze portfolios of documents related to teacher training programs from nine German universities that prepare students for teaching in the academic track. Additionally, we analyze data from N?=?2585 Bachelor and N?=?928 Master degree students. We found that most programs, even when they espouse polyvalence, require an early decision to become a teacher. Moreover, our data confirm findings from earlier studies indicating that student teachers are highly certain about their career choice from the very beginning, with students in polyvalent programs being slightly less certain than those in profession-oriented programs (d?=?0.32).     

Why does language matter to education?

Discussions concerning ??literacy?? make it clear that the domain of language has become a focal point for educational policy. In such discussions, language is primarily treated as a basic communication tool. This paper examines, from a philosophical perspective, how appropriate this approach to language is. The philosophical validity of this dominant tendency is analyzed with reference to the work of Wilhelm von Humboldt, Nietzsche, and Wittgenstein. Once the stable relationship conceived by Humboldt among the individual, language, and the world is lost, education displays its more distinctive features, which we see clearly in Nietzsche and Wittgenstein. Both of these philosophers focused their investigation on the rhetorical or performative aspects of language. In contrast to Nietzsche, however, Wittgenstein did not abandon the hope of finding in language the function of showing reality, even if what is said and what is shown remain incongruent. This perspective in Wittgenstein is salient against the dominant tendency, in which the mediating function of language is sought in the dimension of conformity and usefulness.     

Die ?sterreichische Studierendenanwaltschaft: ein effizientes Beschwerdeinstrument oder Multifunktions-Hybrid?

Bereits 1997 ist im damaligen Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Verkehr die Studierendenanwaltschaft, ?hnlich wie andere Sonderanwaltschaften des Bundes, eingerichtet worden. Mit der Einführung von Studiengebühren an Universit?ten und Fachhochschulen 2001 wurden ihre Agenden von einer reinen Informations- auf eine ministerielle Beschwerdestelle zur Meldung und Behebung von Missst?nden und Unzul?nglichkeiten ausgeweitet. Nach zehn Jahren T?tigkeit zeigen die Erfahrungen aus dem Alltag, dass überwiegend informelle Individualhilfe im Vordergrund der T?tigkeit dieser Einrichtung steht. Systemm?ngel sind schwerer zu beheben, da solche meist ressourcenbedingt oder mit einander konkurrierenden gesetzlichen Regelungen verbunden sind und es keine festgelegten Normen des Einschreitens innerhalb der offiziellen Rechtsaufsicht des Ministeriums gibt. L?sungen sind von der Kooperationsbereitschaft der Verantwortlichen vor Ort abh?ngig.     

高中物理学习困难的成因分析及对策研究

物理难学,这似乎已成为高中学生的共识。笔者经过大量调查研究发现造成这种状况的原因很多,单就学的方面而言,大多数同学主要是由于怕学、厌学或不会学物理。调查结果显示,物理学习困难的学生,在进入高中前就对物理学习心存惧怕,其中有30%左右的同学,一遇到困难就轻言放弃;另有50%左右的同学对物理学习虽也信心不足,但一开始还是下定决心要学好物理,他们在物理学习上化了大量时间、精力,不可谓不刻苦,不能说没努力,但由于缺乏兴趣,学习物理对他们来说是一种被迫行为,体会不到学习中的乐趣,时间一长,必然觉得学习枯燥无味,变成了一种苦差事,…     

极小极大方法在二阶Hamilton系统中的应用

本文综述了用极小极大方法得到的关于二阶Hamilton系统周期解的可解性条件及相关结果,包括次线性条件,次二次条件和超二次条件等方面的近期结果。     

现代远程教育的比较优势

本文以“十六”大报告提出的形成全民学习、终身学习的学习型社会,构建终身教育体系为理论依据,将远程教育的教育模式与传统教育的教育模式相比较,从教育师资的供需矛盾、远程教育教学媒体的多样化、教学支持服务体系的建立及教学资源库的形成进行了充分的比较论述,同时为教育投资取向提出了理论依据。     

How do people read the passages during a reading comprehension test? The effect of reading purpose on text processing behavior

In this study, we investigate the effect of reading purpose on students’ processing behavior during a reading comprehension test. In a repeated measures design, sixty undergraduates answered multiple-choice (MC) reading comprehension questions in a condition with no overarching goal for reading and in an alternate condition where the same students were first provided with the goal of summarizing the text before answering MC questions. Results from eye tracking analysis showed that when students read and answered questions without an overarching goal, they spent much less time reading the passages before answering the questions, more time re-reading the texts while answering the questions, and more time on parts of the text that were not necessary to answer the questions. We conclude that providing examinees without an explicit goal for reading may inadvertently encourage a “search for the answer” reading process, rather than on building a coherent mental model of text content.     

生物学教学中学生思维训练实验报告

分析了我院高职生《医学生物学》失分的主要原因，制定了思维训练的实验方案，通过整合教材、优化组合教学媒体、实施“以问题为中心”的教学模式、开设选修课、改革考核内容和方式，让学生学在其中、思在其中、乐在其中，提高了学生思维能力和生物学学习质量。