提升初中美术教学管理水平对策研究

《义务教育艺术课程标准(2022年版)》指出,艺术教育以形象的力量与美的境界促进人的审美和人文素养的提升。要坚持以美育人、以美化人、以美润心、以美培元,引领学生在健康向上的审美实践中感知、体验与理解艺术,逐步提高学生感受美、欣赏美、表现美、创造美的能力。初中美术教师需加强美术教学管理工作,立足现状分析工作中的不足之处并积极改进。本文主要分析初中美术教学管理薄弱的原因,并提出加强初中美术教学管理的有效对策。     

用文化“软实力”练就安全“硬功夫”

安全文化是企业全体员工对安全工作集体形成的一种共识,是实现安全生产的强有力的支撑。多年的安全管理实践告诉我们,众多的规章制度,健全的安全网络,仍然无法杜绝事故的发生。因为仅仅靠监督与被监督的传统管理模式,难以保障安全生产目标的实现。面对新的形势,只有超越传统安全监督管理的局限,用文化去塑造每一位员工,让员工从内心认同企业安全文化的价值观,激发员工"关注安全、关爱生命"的本能意识,才能实现根本的安全。养成安全工作这种良好行为习惯,实质上就是安全文化素养的形成。安全文化就是要造就这样一种习惯势力、习惯力量。我们都知道,思想决定着意识,意识决定着行为,行     

Authoritarianism, perceived threat and exclusionism on the eve of the Disengagement: Evidence from Gaza

Major political events such as terrorist attacks and forced relocation of citizens may have an immediate effect on attitudes towards ethnic minorities associated with these events. The psychological process that leads to political exclusionism of minority groups was examined using a field study among Israeli settlers in Gaza days prior to the Disengagement Plan adopted by the Israeli government on June 6, 2004 and enacted in August 2005. Lending credence to integrated threat theory and to theory on authoritarianism, our analyses show that the positive effect of religiosity on political exclusionism results from the two-staged mediation of authoritarianism and perceived threat. We conclude that religiosity fosters authoritarianism, which in turn tends to move people towards exclusionism both directly and through the mediation of perceived threat.     

Electrical and mechanical response of skeletal muscle to electrical stimulation after acute passive stretching in humans: a combined electromyographic and mechanomyographic approach

Two mechanisms have been suggested to explain stretching-induced maximum force depression: a mechanical alteration in the stretched muscle and an impairment of neural activation. Electrical stimulation allows standardization of the level of muscle activation without being limited by neural control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stretching-induced changes in the electrical and mechanical properties of muscle during electrically elicited contractions. Twelve participants (age 22 +/- 1 years; body mass 75 +/- 2 kg; stature 1.79 +/- 0.02 m; mean +/- standard error) underwent six electrical stimulations of the medial gastrocnemius muscle before and after stretching. During the contractions, surface electromyogram (EMG) and mechanomyogram (MMG) were recorded simultaneously together with force. After stretching we found: (i) no differences in EMG parameters; (ii) MMG amplitude decreased by 4 +/- 1% (P < 0.05); and (iii) the peak force, the peak rate of force development, and the acceleration peak of force development decreased by 12 +/- 3%, 14 +/- 1%, and 24 +/- 5%, respectively (P < 0.05). In conclusion, acute passive stretching did not change EMG properties but altered the mechanical characteristics of the contracting muscle. Indeed, muscle force-generating capacity and stiffness of the muscle-tendon unit were significantly impaired.     

Correlations between serum and salivary hormonal concentrations in response to resistance exercise

The aim of present study was to examine the relationships between serum and salivary values of free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and cortisol before and after a session of resistance exercise. Twenty-eight healthy men (mean age 40 years, s = 4) participated in the present study. Serum and salivary samples were collected at rest and after a multiple-sets resistance exercise protocol, of approximately 25 minutes duration. Concentrations of free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and cortisol were measured using radioimmunoassay kits. No significant correlation was observed between serum free testosterone and salivary testosterone (r = 0.22 to 0.26, P > 0.05). Serum cortisol was significantly correlated with salivary cortisol before (r = 0.52, P = 0.005) and after (r = 0.62, P = 0.001) the exercise protocol. Serum and salivary concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone were significantly correlated before (r = 0.68, P < 0.001) and after (r = 0.7, P < 0.001) exercise. The results of the present study suggest that even under exercise conditions, the salivary values of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone can reflect the behaviour of these hormones in blood. However, further studies are necessary to verify if salivary testosterone reflects the behaviour of serum free testosterone during resistance exercise.     

Self-presentational concerns and competitive anxiety

The purpose of this study was to improve understanding of the link between self-presentational concerns and competitive anxiety. Specifically, we examined (a) associations among self-presentational concerns and competitive state anxiety dimensional symptom responses using the modified Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2; Martens, Vealey, & Burton, 1990) and (b) whether self-presentational concerns mediate trait-state anxiety relationships. In addressing these matters, we also examined the factor structure and composition of the Self-Presentation in Sport Questionnaire (SPSQ; Wilson & Eklund, 1998). Results showed that self-presentational concerns were positively associated with intensity and frequency dimensional symptoms and negatively associated with direction symptoms. Results also showed that self-presentational concerns demonstrated consistently higher associations with the cognitive component and the intensity symptom of the CSAI-2 state measures. Results showed no support for the notion that self-presentational concerns mediate the trait-state anxiety relationship. When examining the factor structure and composition of the SPSQ, the results from two independent athlete samples support the tenability of an abbreviated 21-item four-factor model. Thus the newly constituted scale is recommended for measuring self-presentational concerns in sport.     

The angiogenetic effect of intramuscular administration of b-FGF and a-FGF on cardiac muscle: the influence of exercise on muscle angiogenesis

Although angiogenetic therapy using recombinant growth factors holds much hope for the treatment of ischaemic diseases, there are still many unanswered questions, including the method of administration, the correct dose of these factors, and the duration of the therapeutic approach. Exercise has also been suggested to induce neovascularizaiton in muscles. We evaluated the angiogenetic effects of the intramuscular administration of basic-fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) and acidic-fibroblast growth factor (a-FGF) in rat heart, compared with rats who exercised daily. In conclusion, both the intramuscular administration of b-FGF and exercise increased significantly angiogenesis in the heart in contrast to the intramuscular administration of a-FGF, which was ineffective.     

Effects of AM3 (Inmunoferon) on increased serum concentrations of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor receptors I and II in cyclists

The aims of this study were to examine the changes in plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines induced by training and competition in professional cyclists. We report the serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), tumour necrosis factor receptors I and II (TNFR-I and -II) in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial involving the administration of AM3 (Inmunoferon), an oral booster immunomodulator, or placebo to 16 professional cyclists (n = 8 in each group) for 65 consecutive days. Serum was collected just before treatment began (baseline), at the end of pre-competition training, before the mountain stage of the competition (60 days), 4 h after finishing this stage (62 days), and 18 h after the fifth and last day of competition (65 days). To determine the normal levels of cytokines and soluble TNF receptors, individual samples from 14 moderately trained healthy controls were studied. After 60 days of training, the serum concentrations of IL-6 did not differ significantly from those at the beginning of the study for either group of cyclists (placebo and AM3). A significant rise was seen in IL-6 concentrations in both the AM3 and placebo groups at 62 days, 4 h after finishing the mountain stage. The increase was significantly greater in the placebo group than in the AM3 group. At 65 days of treatment, 18 h after the fifth and last day of competition, IL-6 concentrations were similar to those recorded at the end of the training, but were significantly higher in the placebo group than in the AM3 group. At the end of training, serum TNFR-I concentrations in both groups of cyclists were significantly lower than at baseline. The concentrations of serum TNFR-I and -II both 4 h after finishing the mountain stage and 18 h after the fifth and last day of competition were significantly higher than those recorded after training in both groups. Professional cycling competition is associated with increases in serum IL-6 and TNFR-I and -II concentrations. Inmunoferon treatment reduced significantly the concentrations of IL-6 but not those of TNFR-I and -II.     

“中國農民戰爭”教學(续)

第二课教師在問課之後,便轉到農民戰争第二階段的史實。太平天國的上層統治階級蜕化了。在残殺楊秀清之後,隨着便出现一個由高級官僚組成的新封建階級。軍事将領和負責管理地産的官吏们奪取了土地後,自己變成地主。‘人民大衆失去對自己領袖的信心,——中國的歷史家寫道——因而閃避他们’(参閥r、c、卡拉——莫爾查教授著的‘太平軍’。莫斯科,一九五○版,第一。八頁)。r、E、葉非莫夫在插寫一八五六年政變後太平天國的情形的時候,指出了‘人民的、反封建性質的運動和脫離人民的太平軍的領導政策之間的差別,越來越大了’(‘中國近代史概要’一九五一年第二版,第六一頁)。     

七歲兒童的特點

兒童到了七歲年齡,在生理和心理上已經具備實施有系統的學校教育所必需的基本條件。這些就是神經系統比較堅固,神經疲勞程度比較早幾年減少,由此使兒童可以省去午睡,還有就是注意能力比較過去更为耐久。七歲兒童所達到的智力發展程度,和所積累的相當多的經驗,已使他能有基本的邏輯來討論問題,能對許多不複雜的現象作分析和