现实世界中的数学

在过去的三年中,我参加了旨在调查工商界对中学毕业生的要求以及为适应这些要求作准备的第Ⅱ类项目。在这些项目的进程中,四至十二年级的在职数学教师被安排在工商界,学习如何使用数学解决日常问题。涉及此项目的部门从地方医院、房地产公司、保险公司到假日旅馆和E·F·哈顿之类的     

一所培训教师的国际学院

导师学院90年代向职业的和专心奉献的教育工作者提供了许多承诺:电脑、卫星通信、先进的教学技术、国际化教育、外国教师交流项目,以及或许是一个能使文化、教育、社会、政治观点很容易得到交流的世界秋序。有了所有的     

职责与调配——美国中小电视台新闻部的日常运转

每日清晨,新闻部头一个登场的人物是日班值班编辑。7点钟一到,他便步入办公室,径直走向电讯自动接收机,首先流览美联社、合众国际社和当地通讯社前半小时传来的最新消息。如果没有发现需要紧急召唤采访人员的新闻线索,他便进入正常的工作状态。在接下来的值班时间内,他每隔15分钟察看一次电讯记录。如遇突发的重大新闻事件,值班编辑有权在任何时间中断正常的节目播出而穿插紧急新闻报告。当然,中断正常播出非有震撼人心的非常事件不     

记忆、认知和运动行为

在运动记忆领域中,注意机能、认知表征、表象过程和信息编码等问题日益受到重视.从组织结构、言语标记、心理表象,心理练习和预选动作等5个方面,论述了从认知角度探讨运动记忆问题的研究成果,阐明了现代运动记忆研究与经典记忆研究的巨大差异.     

生命是什么？——活细胞的物理学观

这是一位物理学家（很大程度上是从物理学的角度）对生物学的思考.如作者所言,这样的综合是有风险的,但在学科越来越专门化的今天,必须要有人冒着风险,来把已知的知识综合成为一个统一体.事实上,薛定谔深远的洞见与天才的预测,曾促使许多富有创造力的头脑被遗传机制和生命本质的奥秘所吸引,从而投身其中,J.沃森和F.克里克对生物学研究最初的兴趣很大程度上都是来自这本小册子.作为物理学家的薛定谔,是二十世下半叶这场轰轰烈烈、充满浪漫色彩的分子生物学革命的先驱.     

CSRP's Impact on low-income preschoolers' preacademic skills: self-regulation as a mediating mechanism

Based on theoretically driven models, the Chicago School Readiness Project (CSRP) targeted low-income children's school readiness through the mediating mechanism of self-regulation. The CSRP is a multicomponent, cluster-randomized efficacy trial implemented in 35 Head Start-funded classrooms (N = 602 children). The analyses confirm that the CSRP improved low-income children's self-regulation skills (as indexed by attention/impulse control and executive function) from fall to spring of the Head Start year. Analyses also suggest significant benefits of CSRP for children's preacademic skills, as measured by vocabulary, letter-naming, and math skills. Partial support was found for improvement in children's self-regulation as a hypothesized mediator for children's gains in academic readiness. Implications for programs and policies that support young children's behavioral health and academic success are discussed.     

Developing a template for National Child Protection Index Reports

Objectives

What impact does the strengthening of child rights have on the experience and circumstances of children? CRC General Comment 13 emphasizes that defining measurable targets for improvements in child protection is a key element of efforts to strengthen child rights and well-being across the world. This paper describes an attempt to identify key domains relevant to such mapping of child protection indicators, and the feasibility of collecting data—from existing data sources or otherwise—to complete a “National Child Protection Index Report” summarizing achievements and concerns at a national level.

Methods

A process of inter-agency consultation was facilitated by the CPC Learning Network to establish a template for the Index Report. The template was modeled on that used for the “Countdown to 2015” maternal, neonatal and child health initiative, aiming to capture indices not only of key protection risks but also implementation and coverage of key protection measures. The work drew on indicator development and policy initiatives by a number of international child protection agencies. The template developed was used as a basis to pilot national data collection in Indonesia and, at a sub-national level, in northern Uganda.

Findings

The template provides a concise summary of protection issues of relevance to a broad range of constituencies, global and national. However, in the pilot settings, existing routine data collection was inadequate to effectively populate a large proportion of indicators. Mechanisms of collating findings from discrete assessments—another potential source of data for completion of the index report—were also generally underdeveloped.

Practice implications

In settings where state infrastructure allows the collection and analysis of routine data in such domains as health and economic activity, such efforts should be extended to the child protection sector. Discrete assessments by governmental or non-governmental agencies also provide significant potential for more effective sharing and collation of information. National Child Protection sub-clusters or equivalent structures can play an important role in facilitating both of these processes.     

蒂莉阿姨的魔法箱

大卫的父亲在他出生后不久就被派往巴西工作了。由于母亲在剧院里整天忙得四脚朝天,所以蒂莉阿姨就在这个时候走进了大卫的生活。     

A study assessing the potential of negative effects in interdisciplinary math-biology instruction

There is increasing enthusiasm for teaching approaches that combine mathematics and biology. The call for integrating more quantitative work in biology education has led to new teaching tools that improve quantitative skills. Little is known, however, about whether increasing interdisciplinary work can lead to adverse effects, such as the development of broader but shallower skills or the possibility that math anxiety causes some students to disengage in the classroom, or, paradoxically, to focus so much on the mathematics that they lose sight of its application for the biological concepts in the center of the unit at hand. We have developed and assessed an integrative learning module and found disciplinary learning gains to be equally strong in first-year students who actively engaged in embedded quantitative calculations as in those students who were merely presented with quantitative data in the context of interpreting biological and biostatistical results. When presented to advanced biology students, our quantitative learning tool increased test performance significantly. We conclude from our study that the addition of mathematical calculations to the first year and advanced biology curricula did not hinder overall student learning, and may increase disciplinary learning and data interpretation skills in advanced students.