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211.
Eduardo Aznar 《Cultura y Educación》2013,25(2):41-50
De la alfabetización a la competencia literaria media un tramo parecido al que va de la autoescuela a la participación en un rallye. Es obvio que la lectoescritura y la enseñanza de la literatura están relacionadas; pero reflexionar sobre esta relación y sobre la manera en que se ha enseñado, se enseña y se debe enseñar la literatura en la Reforma que viene, nos hace pasar de esa obviedad a un problema complejo en el que parece deseable una profunda renovación. 相似文献
212.
213.
The primary purpose of the study reported here was to examine whether phonological processes are the same or different in
low literacy adults and children with or without reading disabilities in a consistent orthography. A sample of 150 subjects
was selected and organized into four different groups: 53 low literacy adults, 29 reading disabled children, 27 younger normal
readers at the same reading level as those with reading disabilities and low literacy adults, and 41 normal readers matched
in age with the reading disabled group. We administered phonological awareness tasks which included items with different complexity
of syllable structure. The results showed that the complexity of syllable structure had not a particularly marked effect on
low literacy adults. Rather, the deletion task revealed the phonological deficit in low literacy adults across all syllable
structures. 相似文献
214.
There is a concern that the teaching of subjects is applied not only with support from a set of technological devices, but largely in the proper use of teaching and new technologies. Taking this idea, the authors develop a research and sustainable design that result in educational materials in solid content and technological innovation, also to have the benefit of learning process of a particular subject. The project is in its stage of development of educational materials, which indicates that only the experiment is missing. 相似文献
215.
Conceptions of,and approaches to,teaching online: a study of lecturers teaching postgraduate distance courses 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carlos Gonzalez 《Higher Education》2009,57(3):299-314
This paper presents the outcomes of a study into online teaching. It builds upon previous research and conceptual frameworks
produced by Kember and Kwan (Instr Sci 28(5):469–490, 2000) and Roberts (Instr Sci 31(1–2):127–150, 2003). It advances research
on conceptions of, and approaches to, teaching by examining teaching in a novel context: distance-taught courses at the postgraduate
level. Lecturers were interviewed from a Faculty of Health Sciences in a research-intensive Australian University. Relationships
between conceptions and approaches found in previous research were confirmed in this study. However, it was found that the
conceptions of online teaching proposed by Roberts (Instr Sci 31(1–2):127–150, 2003) did not adequately distinguish between
the conceptions held by the lecturers interviewed in this study. Three modified conceptions of online teaching are proposed:
‘for individual access to learning materials and information; and for individual assessment’; ‘for learning related communication
(asynchronous and/or synchronous)’; and ‘as a medium for networked learning’. Some of the dimensions developed by Roberts
to describe approaches to online teaching were not applicable in this study setting and needed further modification. Two broad
approaches emerged: ‘informative/individual learning focused’ and ‘communicative/networked learning focused’. Contextual influences
on teaching reported by Kember and Kwan (Instr Sci 28(5):469–490, 2000)—that is, institutional influence, nature of students
and subject and curriculum—were revealed in this study to have different levels of influence over approaches to online teaching:
the first two being the more relevant ones. 相似文献
216.
Inclusive education inherently involves the inclusion of all citizens in a democratic society. Based on this view, questions
emerge with respect to equality and integration in educational systems. Although inclusion should be viewed as a requirement
in a democratic society, along with the integration in schools of students from different social groups, the concept rarely
becomes reality, despite its frequent acceptance in discourse. This article analyzes mechanisms that inhibit agreement on
how equality and inclusion can be put into practice in education, taking as an example the case of Chile. One inhibitor is
a lack of in-depth discussions about the major tendencies prevailing in contemporary educational systems. In addition, three
types of segregation are linked to children’s exclusion from schools: charges for educational services, schools’ selection
processes and the use of economic incentives. Finally, the article presents possible consequences of two pedagogical orientations:
towards autonomous schools and flexible curriculum. 相似文献
217.
Bruno Goncalves Galdino da Costa Jean-Philippe Chaput Marcus Vinicius Veber Lopes Luis Eduardo Argenta Malheiros Kelly Samara Silva 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2022,11(2):252-259
Background:Physical activity,sleep,and sedentary behaviors compose 24-h movement behaviors and have been independently associated with depressive symptoms.However,it is not clear whether it is the movement behavior itself or other contextual factors that are related to depressive symptoms.The objective of the present study was to examine the associations between self-reported and accelerometer-measured movement behaviors and depressive symptoms in adolescents.Methods:Cross-sectional data from 610 adolescents(14-18 years old)were used.Adolescents answered questions from the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale and reported time spent watching videos,playing videogames,using social media,time spent in various physical activities,and daytime sleepiness.Wrist-worn accelerometers were used to measure sleep duration,sleep efficiency,sedentary time,and physical activity.Mixed-effects logistic regressions were used.Results:Almost half of the adolescents(48%)were classified as being at high risk for depression(score≥20).No significant associations were found between depressive symptoms and accelerometer-measured movement behaviors,self-reported non-sport physical activity,watching videos,and playing videogames.However,higher levels of self-reported total physical activity(odd ratio(OR)=0.92,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.86-0.98)and volume of sports(OR=0.88,95%CI:0.79-0.97),in minutes,were associated with a lower risk of depression,while using social media for either 2.0-3.9 h/day(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.58-2.70)or>3.9 h/day(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.10-2.54),as well as higher levels of daytime sleepiness(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.12-1.22),were associated with a higher risk of depression.Conclusion:What adolescents do when they are active or sedentary may be more important than the time spent in the movement behaviors because it relates to depressive symptoms.Targeting daytime sleepiness,promoting sports,and limiting social media use may benefit adolescents. 相似文献
218.
Eliseo Iglesias-Soler Xian Mayo Xurxo Dopico Miguel Fernández-Del-Olmo Eduardo Carballeira Juan Fariñas 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(1):111-115
This study analysed the effects of bilateral and non-dominant practice on novice practitioners’ lateral preference for judo skills in a combat context (i.e., randori). Thirty sports sciences students (22 men and 8 women; mean age 19 ± 1 years) with right hand, foot, and counterclockwise rotation preferences were divided into 3 groups: bilateral (BG; n = 8), non-dominant (NDG; n = 11), and control (CG; n = 11). Participants received 8 weeks of training at a rate of 3 days per week. The NDG was trained to perform judo skills exclusive with their non-dominant side, while the BG performed every task symmetrically. Before and after training, participants were recorded during two 3-min randoris to obtain the percentage of their engagement in dominant side actions. Pretest percentages were 73.1 ± 19.9%, 77.8 ± 18.8%, and 68.9 ± 27.2% for BG, NDG, and CG, respectively. Post-test values were 75.0 ± 15.6%, 23.3 ± 27.9%, and 72.2.9 ± 20.4%, respectively. Significant differences were observed between NDG and each of the other groups after the training. Changes from pretest were only significant for NDG (P = 0.003). These results suggest that lateral preference among novice judo practitioners during randori can be modulated by the type of practice. 相似文献
219.
Learning to discriminate stimuli can alter how one distinguishes related stimuli. For instance, training an individual to
differentiate between two stimuli along a single dimension can alter how that individual generalizes learned responses. In
this study, we examined the persistence of shifts in generalization gradients after training with sounds. University students
were trained to differentiate two sounds that varied along a complex acoustic dimension. The students were subsequently tested
on their ability to recognize a sound that they had experienced during training when it was presented among several novel
sounds varying along this same dimension. Peak shift was observed in Experiment 1, in which generalization tests immediately
followed training, and in Experiment 2, in which the tests were delayed by 24 h. These findings further support the universality
of generalization processes across species, modalities, and levels of stimulus complexity. They also raise new questions about
the mechanisms underlying learning-related shifts in generalization gradients. The sound stimuli from this study are available
as .wav files from http://lb.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
220.
Eduardo Veras Karan Khokar Redwan Alqasemi Rajiv Dubey 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2012,349(7):2268-2280
In this paper we present a novel concept of shared autonomous and teleoperation control of a remote manipulator with a laser-based assistance in a hard real-time environment for people with disabilities to perform activities of daily living (ADL). The laser pointer enables the user to make high-level decisions, such as target object selection, and it enables the system to generate a trajectories and virtual constraints to be used for autonomous motion or scaled teleoperation. Autonomous, position-teleoperation and velocity-teleoperation control methods have been implemented in the control code. Scaling and virtual fixtures have been used in the teleoperation based control depending on the user preference.A real-time QNX operating system has been used to control a PUMA 560 robotic arm using a Phantom Omni master through a TCP/IP port. A SICK laser range finder was used to for the telerobotic control. The system was implemented with different control modes, and three healthy human subjects were trained to use the system for a pick-and-place task. Data were collected and presented for different control modes, and a comparison between these modes based on the time to complete the task was presented. 相似文献