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91.
A survey was sent to research libraries in the United States and Canada to learn about the level of effort involved in working with vendors' usage reports, how the data are used, and which data are most useful to librarians in managing electronic resources. Ninety‐two responses were received and analyzed. Lack of standards and inconsistencies in the usage data were identified as issues in effectively preparing the data for further analysis. In fact, the results showed that more time was spent acquiring, reformatting, and manipulating the data than on actually analyzing them. The number of full‐text downloads was specified as the most useful statistic for assessing the use of electronic resources. 相似文献
92.
Philip von Rosen Oskar Olofsson Sebastian Väsbom Annette Heijne 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(5):707-716
The primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare subjective correlates of health, such as nutrition, self-esteem, sleep and stress, between adolescent elite athletes (n?=?625) and a reference group of adolescents (n?=?391) not involved in elite sports. A secondary aim was to study predictors for self-perceived stress. A questionnaire was e-mailed to all participants containing valid questions about competence-based self-esteem, nutrition, self-perceived stress and sleep. Our results show that adolescent elite athletes reported significantly (p?.001) lower self-perceived stress, competence-based self-esteem, a more varied diet and more time of sleep, compared to adolescents not involved in elite sports (Hedges’g 0.31–0.82). Female adolescent elite athletes and female adolescents, compared to their male peer group, reported poorer values for competence-based self-esteem (elite, Hedges’g 0.29; adolescents, Hedges’g 0.30) and self-perceived stress (elite, Hedges’g 0.63; adolescents, Hedges’g 0.60). The linear mixed effect model revealed several significant (p?.05) predictors (sex, general well-being, competence-based self-esteem, sleep during weekdays, BMI, training volume) associated with self-perceived stress in adolescent elite athletes. In conclusion, differences in correlates of health with a moderate to strong effect sizes were found between the two groups, where elite athletes surprisingly reported less stress, competence-based self-esteem, a more varied diet and more time of sleep. Even if injury risk is high in adolescent elite athletes and pressure from multiple stakeholders is evident, it appears that the athletes still have better conditions for a good subjective health, based on self-reported measures, compared to adolescents not involved in elite sports. 相似文献
93.
Nathan Smith Eleanor Quested Paul R. Appleton Joan L. Duda 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(2):149-158
Adopting an integrated achievement goal (Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.) and self-determination theory (Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227–268. doi:10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01) perspective as proffered by Duda, J. L. (2013). (The conceptual and empirical foundations of empowering coachingTM: Setting the stage for the PAPA project. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 311–318. doi:10.1080/1612197X.2013.839414), the aim of the current study was to observe empowering and disempowering features of the multidimensional motivational coaching environment in training and competition in youth sport. Seventeen grass-roots soccer coaches were observed and rated in training and competitive settings using the multidimensional motivational climate observation system (MMCOS; Smith, N., Tessier, D., Tzioumakis, Y., Quested, E., Appleton, P., Sarrazin, P., … Duda, J. L. (2015). Development and validation of the multidimensional motivational climate observation system (MMCOS). Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 37, 4–22. doi:10.1123/jsep.2014-0059). In line with our hypotheses, coaches created different motivational environments in the two contexts. More specifically, coaches were observed to create a less empowering and more disempowering environment in competition compared to in training. The observed differences were underpinned by distinctive motivational strategies used by coaches in the two contexts. Findings have implications for the assessment of the coach-created motivational environment and the promotion of quality motivation for young athletes taking part in grass-roots-level sport. 相似文献
94.
Stephen von Tetzchner Karen Jensen 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1999,46(4):453-462
People who have severe speech and communication problems have difficulties making themselves heard both in everyday communications and society at large. In spite of the positive results which have followed the development of non-vocal intervention strategies, this group of people is at risk for being left out of the social common and being alienated. It is important to realise that one cannot do in the technical what one cannot do in the ethical. Unless both social interaction and intervention with people who have severe communication impairments are based on ethical reflection, the moral standards that are applied to this group may be lower than for other people. True communicative interaction depends on the acceptance that the other partner has something of value to communicate, even if the means for expressive communication are limited and the messages are vague and difficult to understand. A moral requirement for autonomy, that is, an equal footing or right to expression, places an ethical imperative on the more competent communication partner to strive to overcome the asymmetrical relationship and help the disabled person create authentic messages. Ethics is awareness based on the reflection on moral phenomena, grounded in the norms and values of the society and typically the result of discourse and co-constructive reflection, in the form of everyday discussions as well as of public philosophical scrutiny. Communication is a vehicle of reflection and discourse may be regarded as joined reflection. Thus, time for discourse in professional work may be a prerequisite for ethical practice. 相似文献
95.
In recent literature on persons with learning disabilities (LD), speech recognition has been discussed primarily as an assistive
technology to help compensate for writing difficulties. However, prior research by the authors has suggested that in addition
to helping persons to compensate for poor writing skills, speech recognition also may enhance reading and spelling; that is,
what was designed as assistive technology appears to serve remedial functions as well. The present study was conducted to
determine whether elementary and secondary students with LD who used the technology to write self-selected compositions and
class assignments would demonstrate improvements in reading and spelling. Thirty-nine students with LD (ages 9 to 18) participated.
Nineteen participants used speech recognition 50 minutes a week for sixteen weeks, and twenty students in a control group
received general computer instruction. Results indicated that the speech recognition group showed significantly more improvement
than the control group in word recognition (p<.0001), spelling (p<.002) and reading comprehension (p<.01). Pre- and posttests on five reading-related cognitive processing measures (phonological, orthographic, semantic processing,
metacognitive reading strategies, and working memory) indicated that for the experimental group, only phonological processing
improved significantly over the treatment period when compared to controls (p<.04). Further ANCOVA suggested that growth in phonological processing was associated with significant differences among conditions
for all three academic measures: word recognition, spelling, and reading comprehension.
Address correspondence to 971 N. Altadena Drive, Pasadena, CA 91107. E-mail center@frostig.org. 相似文献
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100.
This article presents sample research designs for the investigation of questions concerning resilience. Sample hypothesis from specific research designs are described in the form of odds ratios. 相似文献