Morphological proportionality in elite age group North American divers.

The purpose of this investigation was to describe the morphological parameters that characterize elite age group divers. Comparisons are made to normative age group data from the Coquitlam Growth Study and the constancy of important characteristics from age group to age group is examined. Data were collected on 27 male and 28 female elite divers who participated in the 1990 North American Age Group Diving Championships. Body build, body composition and skinfold corrected diameters were determined from 36 anthropometric parameters and analysed by ANOVA, t-test and Phantom z-scores procedures. All age groups except the 14- to 15-year-old males were significantly (P < or = 0.05) shorter than their norms but recorded higher androgyny index values. The estimated relative muscle mass increased significantly (P < or = 0.05) with age for males at all ages (40.8-46.3%). The 16- to 18-year-old females had a significantly (P < or = 0.05) larger relative muscle component compared to the younger age groups (40.1-38.4%). When normalized for height, active tissue development of the extremities was comparable between the sexes except in the forearm. The results indicate that at all age levels short stature is an important characteristic for divers. Analysis of regional active tissue development provides further insight into sport-specific prerequisites for success at elite levels.     

Data integrity boards: Institutional innovation and congressional oversight

This article is a preliminary analysis of the first few years of the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988 (CMPPA). The act requires Federal agencies to establish Data Integrity Boards (DIBs) with responsibility to approve written agreements for computer matches in which their agencies are involved. Information for this analysis was collected from the annual reports on computer matching submitted by agencies to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for 1990 and 1991 and from 108 matching agreements. The secretaries of several DIBs were also interviewed. The effectiveness of DIBs and matching agreements are analyzed using McCubbins and Schwartz's distinction between “police-patrol” and “fire- alarm” oversight. The article concludes that more active and direct oversight, which would occur through an independent data protection or privacy board, is necessary.     

王丽萍竞走关键技术研究

采用高速摄影及影片解析法、摄像及录像解析法、比赛现场采样法、关键技术会诊法，对王丽萍竞走关键技术进行了综合研究。研究的创造点是：1)针对奥运会新设女子20km竞走项目，依据国际田联“竞走定义“的技术标准，规范了王丽萍关键技术模式；2)开发了王丽萍送髋幅度大的技术优点，在奥运会比赛中获得良好的应用效果。     

体育赋税征收的归宿及税收减免的经济分析

采用经济分析的方法,对体育赋税征收的归宿、产生的影响以及对体育企业减免税收带来的益处进行分析并作归纳。征收消费税,可通过提高体育产品实际价格来减少对体育服务的需求;征收利润税,税后的经济影响取决于经理人员的目标;对体育投资进行税收减免,可刺激对体育资本的投资。以期为体育经营者科学地制定产品价格,提高决策水平提供参考。