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981.
Can the concept of speciation explain evidence on how technologies branch and advance? Can evidence on innovation through spin-off usefully inform the concept of speciation? These questions are addressed through a case study of detailed processes enabling the shift of technology to new domains of application. An innovative IT firm developed its own semiconductor technology to remedy supplier deficiencies but it required a joint venture with a completely new business model to adapt and move the technology into new market domains. We propose the concept of techno-organizational speciation to delineate this phenomenon. Competing perspectives on speciation (compatibility, niche and lineage approaches) are found to illuminate the evidence, while complementarities between these conceptual dimensions are revealed by the case. Causal processes uncovered include the following: (1) Techno-organizational speciation through spin-off may be needed to launch a dominant technical standard, compatible with multiple applications. (2) This can be achieved through niche creation from which develops a new business ecosystem. (3) Inherited knowledge together with organizationally based learning foster the branching and renewal of technological lineages. 相似文献
982.
A naturalistic study, with two cycles of intervention, was carried out to investigate the effects of two methods of introducing concept mapping to students taking introductory subjects in genetics in an Australian university. Some of these students' views relating to concept mapping were also investigated in the years following its introduction. The results of this study suggest that the method of introduction can influence students' perception of concept mapping, and its potential benefit. Although most students taking introductory subjects had taken part in the project, and many had realised the benefits of concept mapping, retrospective views of students indicated that almost none had adopted it as a regular part of study strategies. This outcome raises several questions in regard to introducing learning tools to students and, in particular, the reasons for doing so. 相似文献
983.
Given that thoughtfully developed formal after-school programs can make a difference in the academic performance of schoolchildren, and that some public schools are implementing their own on-site after-school curricula, this study sought to identify programmatic features that appear to be associated with successful after-school programming. Qualitative methods were used and the study site was the Manchester Youth Development Center, which has a twenty-five-year record of effective service. The six elements found as salient were that both structure and autonomous space are provided; academic achievement is supported; the program is culturally consistent (in the present case, African-American cultural patterns are evidenced); there is a core of committed authoritative adults; the leadership is child-centered; and the environment is safe. 相似文献
984.
Keith C. Herman Caroline G. Hodgson Colleen L. Eddy Daniel R. Cohen Wendy M. Reinke Lori Burrell Elizabeth C. Mcfarlane Anne K. Duggan 《Child development》2020,91(2):e331-e344
The present study investigated the role of teacher-rated likeability as a mediator of the relation between low academic competence and depressive symptoms in elementary-aged children. Analyses focused on a sample of children at risk for child maltreatment living in Hawaii (n = 380). Structural equation modeling supported the hypothesized negative relations between academic competence in first grade and depressive symptoms in third grade controlling for correlated constructs (e.g., baseline social avoidance, parenting stress, externalizing problems, and internalizing symptoms). Teacher-rated likeability in second grade negatively mediated the effect of academic competence on depressive symptoms. Implications for understanding the role of early academic skill deficits and social judgments on risk for depressive symptoms as well as recommendations for interventions and prevention strategies are discussed. 相似文献
985.
Jeanna R. Wieselmann Emily A. Dare Elizabeth A. Ring-Whalen Gillian H. Roehrig 《科学教学研究杂志》2020,57(1):112-144
Gender equity issues remain a challenge in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, where women are highly underrepresented. As integrated STEM instruction becomes increasingly popular in elementary and middle school classrooms, it is important to consider whether the small group activities that are commonplace in STEM instruction support the equitable participation of young girls. This study builds on the existing body of literature to better understand how gender is related to student participation in small group STEM activities and whether students participate differently in science and engineering activities. A single embedded case study was used to explore the experiences of four students aged 10–11 years as they participated in small group work within an integrated STEM unit in their fifth-grade classroom. Two girls and two boys worked together throughout the unit to explore science content related to electromagnetism and apply their content knowledge to an engineering design challenge. Video and audio of students' small group interactions were analyzed using an observation protocol to code their participation in each 3-min segment of STEM activity. Student- and case-level analyses were used to identify patterns of interaction based on gender and type of activity (science vs. engineering). Findings suggest that boys and girls participate in small group STEM activities in different ways, adopting distinct roles within their group. In addition, students displayed divergent patterns of interaction in science- and engineering-focused lessons, suggesting that students need additional practice and support in navigating between science and engineering in integrated STEM units. 相似文献
986.
987.
Parents of learning disabled, mentally retarded, and emotionally disturbed children were surveyed regarding their reactions to mainstreaming handicapped children. Results indicated that parents of learning disabled children were significantly more supportive of this educational procedure than were the other two groups of parents. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed. 相似文献
988.
Patricia Alvarez McHatton Elizabeth Shaunessy Claire Hughes Alejandro Brice Mary Ann Ratliff 《Multicultural Perspectives》2013,15(3):12-20
Hispanic students' awareness of cultural, linguistic, and sociopolitical issues are influenced by their experiences in schools and affect their sense of identity. An examination of student discourse between bilingual gifted and bilingual general education students in an urban middle school is presented, with particular attention given to how participating bilingual students relate to each other, peers (in general and gifted education), teachers, administrators, families, and communities, and how they perceive themselves. A discussion of the core issues that emerged, including students' reawakening to their ethnic identity, differing rationales for using native language, and observed differences in self-perceptions between the gifted and general education bilingual Hispanic students is provided, along with results and implications for future research. 相似文献
989.
Elizabeth Meador 《Multicultural Perspectives》2013,15(2):82-88
In this article the author presents an analysis of the hidden curriculum of school sports in mediating the achievement of Mexican immigrant girls in middle schools in the southwestern United States. Using Bourdieu's theory of taste, the author shows how symbolic boundaries expressed by students and teachers legitimize cultural practices that privilege youth who value sports while marginalizing those who do not. 相似文献
990.
Extending previous investigations by Loeb of mobilities in gaseous mixtures using his procedure except that the auxiliary field in these measurements was made equal to the advancing field thus giving absolute values of the mobilities, measurements of mobilities were made in mixtures of CH3NO2H2 and CH3CNH2. The mobilities in H2 were 7.12 for the positive ions and 10.46 for the negative ions in cm./sec. per volt/cm. Those in CH3NO2 were 0.221 cm./sec. per volt/cm. for both ions and in CH3CN they were 0.234 cm./sec. per volt/cm. for both ions. Both ion mobilities deviated from Blanc's law in CH3NO2 indicating the formation of complexes with the CH3NO2 ions somewhat greater in size than the normal ions in H2. The molecules attached to negative ions somewhat less readily than to the positive ions but both final ions were of the same size. In CH3CN mixtures both positive and negative ions deviated from Blanc's law, the positive ion showing more ready attachment of CH3CN. The negative ion had consistently a higher mobility than the positive ion, a circumstance indicating a smaller ion and suggesting that the attaching molecule might not be CH3CN but some impurity. Both ion addition products in CH3CN are larger than the normal ion in H2 but smaller than those in CH3NO2 as was to be expected. 相似文献