公示语汉英翻译研究：从原则到灵活

公示语汉译英是应用文翻译的重要部分,有其相应的翻译理论和原则。但在实际翻译中,由于对英汉语言、文化差异及公示语特征的重视不够,汉英公示语翻译尚存在诸多不足。为此,本文从应用文本翻译的原则出发,结合英汉语言、文化及文本差异,在充分重视公示语注重“信息传递目的”这一特征的基础上,以译例对比的方式,探讨汉英公示语翻译的灵活性。     

Connection,Restructuring, and Buffering: How Groups Link Individuals and Organizations

Research examining the individual–organization relationship has largely ignored the linking role of groups. Grounded in Scott, Corman, and Cheney's (1998) structurational model of organizational identification, we analyzed data obtained from members of groups embedded in a large religious organization. Results revealed three primary ways groups link individual members and the organization via identification. The connection function provides members with local copresent linkages to the organization and an environment in which to express their connection/relationship to the organization. The restructuring function enables members to restructure conflicting individual and organizational identity structures. The buffering function enables members to disidentify with a portion of the organizational identity and still maintain a sense of organizational identification.     

Integrative Process in Manager–Employee Negotiations: Relational and Structural Factors

This study examines the effect of relational and structural factors on integrative process involved in manager–employee negotiations. Eighty government employees recalling specific negotiation episodes with a supervisor completed survey items measuring three integrative dimensions of the discussion. Twenty-five divisional supervisors completed measures of work unit rule observation and participation in decision making. Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) and rule observation were both substantial predictors of elaboration and mutual concessions during negotiation. Implications discussed include the importance of organizational members' recognizing the integrative potential in workplace negotiations. These findings illustrate that awareness of interpersonal dynamics and formal rule structure in the work unit can help employees better plan to negotiate elements of their work role with a manager.     

互补性与次协调性

玻尔互补性原理的准确意义已引起了许多争论。这里我们并不打算对玻尔的观点进行详细的评论,而是对在一种明确的意义上包含互补性被我们称之为C-理论的理论所能理解的东西作尽可能有道理的解释。那些理论的基本逻辑是一种通过对经典逻辑的演绎概念作恰当修改而得到的所谓＂次经典＂逻辑。粗略地说,C-理论是含有＂物理上＂不相容定理（尤其是矛盾定理）的非平庸理论。因此,其基本逻辑是一种次协调逻辑。本文被视为我们有关C-理论及其应用的一系列作品的第一篇。     

大学生就业形势严峻的根本原因及应对策略

大学生就业已成为当前社会需要花大力气去共同解决的一大难题.笔者结合自身实际,从高校教育体制、企事业单位的用人需求、学生自身素质等方面分析了导致大学生就业困难的一些原因,从社会、高校、学生三要素入手,提出了在一定程度上能够缓解大学生就业难的相关建议.     

Peer-Instruction-哈佛大学物理课程教学新方法

Peer-Instruction教学方法是哈佛大学著名教授Eric Mazur创立,使用专门设计的用于揭示学生错误概念和引导学生深入探究的概念测试题(ConcepTests),借助计算机投票系统(Computerized Voting System),组织大班课堂教学,变传统单一的讲授为基于问题的自主学习和协作探究,有效地改变了传统课堂教学手段、教学模式.在大班课堂教学中实现学生自主学习、合作学习、师生互动、生生互动.本文旨在介绍这种教学方法,阐明其教育意义和促进学生学习方面的作用,综述了PI教学方法的广泛应用和相关研究结果.     

随机需求及回收量价格敏感的闭环供应链决策模型

考虑一个既向市场提供全新产品又提供再制造品的单一产品供应链,在需求随机且回收量对回收价格敏感的情况下,为企业做出最优生产和回收决策,使供应链利润最大化.依据回收主体的不同,分别建立制造商回收时的集中决策模型与第三方回收时的分散决策模型;在随机需求环境下,给出不同决策模型的最优回收价格及全新产品与再制造品的最优产量;为分散决策模型制定协调各方利益的契约并给出最优契约参数.最后给出一个数值算例分析了回收参数对系统利润的影响.结果显示,回收参数在集中决策模型中对制造商的利润有很大的影响,而在分散模型中对回收商有较大影响.     

Resilience does not predict academic performance in gross anatomy

Few studies have evaluated resilience in an academic environment as it relates to academic success or failure. This work sought to assess resilience in regular and remedial students of gross anatomy during the first and second semesters of medical school and to correlate this personal trait with academic performance. Two groups of students were compared: the first group included first‐year medical students in the regular course, and the second group included first‐year medical students who did not pass the regular anatomy course and so were enrolled in the remedial course. Both groups completed anonymous surveys designed to gather demographic data and establish scores on the Connor‐Davidson resilience scale, which includes 25 statements rated zero to four on a Likert scale (maximum score 100). The average resilience score was the same for both groups, 80 ± 9. The average anatomy grades differed significantly between regular students (67± 15.0) and remedial students (61 ± 12.0). While there was no overall correlation between resilience score and anatomy grade, regular students with resilience scores of 75 or greater showed slightly better academic performance than their classmates. Similarly, remedial students with resilience scores of 87 or greater faired better academically. Resilience does not predict academic performance in gross anatomy, and further work is necessary to identify those intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence students' achievements. Anat Sci Educ. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.     

Teaching skills to promote clinical reasoning in early basic science courses

Basic and superior reasoning skills are woven into the clinical reasoning process just as they are used to solve any problem. As clinical reasoning is the central competence of medical education, development of these reasoning skills should occur throughout the undergraduate medical curriculum. The authors describe here a method of teaching reasoning skills in a clinical context during a human anatomy course. Anat Sci Educ 3:267–271, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.     

影响的焦虑:明清小说经典背后的颠覆与重建

明清小说的创作盛况有目共睹,就其内部的创作关系而言,存在一种经典与颠覆经典重建经典的矛盾冲突事实,这一现象的精神动因除了封建意识形态等显在因素外,由先驱经典所引发的后来者心理层面的“影响的焦虑”及“突围意识”是关键。