吐蕃国相尚纥心儿事迹补述——以敦煌本羽77号为中心

羽077号的《本阐晡为宰相就灵龛祈愿文》、《某判官为国相尚纥心儿祈愿文》和《赞普祈愿文》,记载了公元818年顷,在敦煌举办的与吐蕃宰相尚纥心儿相关的三次佛事祈愿活动,主办人分别为钵阐布、专使大判官和赞普(名义),反映尚纥心儿第二次短暂住敦煌期间曾一度想辞官事佛,但又不得不重新出山的情景过程。尚纥心儿一生前后三次到敦煌,晚年又在敦煌建造圣光寺。     

机械产品加速模拟试车法研究及推广应用

本系统介绍了以短时间的产品加速模拟试车法，阐述了设计理论和试车规程的编制依据。     

The Effects of Extinction in the Treatment of Sleep Problems with a Child with a Physical Disability

Sleep problems are common among young children with developmental disabilities. In many cases, parental attention has shaped and reinforced these problems. In the present study, extinction of parental attention was effective in the elimination and long-term maintenance of nighttime crying with a young child with a physical disability.     

The Traditional Code of Jewish Education

In years past, reporting on the state of the Minneapolis Talmud Torah Schools at national or regional educational conferences, the reaction was always: “Minneapolis”, “Minneapolis is different.”     

Genetic and environmental etiologies of reading difficulties: DeFries-Fulker analysis of reading performance data from twin pairs and their nontwin siblings

Reading performance data from 254 pairs of identical (MZ) and 420 pairs of fraternal (DZ) twins, 8.0 to 20.0 years of age, were subjected to multiple regression analyses. An extension of the DeFries-Fulker (DF) analysis (DeFries & Fulker, 1985, 1988) that facilitated inclusion of data from 303 of their nontwin siblings was employed. In addition to providing estimates of heritability, this analysis yields a test of the difference between shared environmental influences for twins versus siblings (Astrom et al., 2011). Results suggest that proband reading deficits are due substantially to genetic factors (.67 ± .07, p < .001), and that shared environmental influences are significantly higher for members of twin pairs than for those of twins and their nontwin siblings (viz., .25 versus .17, p = .02).     

Beyond individual behaviour change: the role of power,knowledge and strategy in tackling climate change

Individual behaviour change is fast becoming a kind of ‘holy grail’ to tackle climate change, in environmental policy, the environmental movement and academic literature. This is contested by those who claim that social structures are the main problem and who advocate collective social action. The objective of the research presented in this paper is to better understand why environmentally concerned citizens choose one of these two types of engagement. Our focus is on the role of experiences of and/or convictions about power in shaping this choice. Within the framework of an explorative qualitative study, we engaged in in-depth interviews with 12 young environmentally concerned citizens. On this basis, five main findings are elaborated. Firstly, powerlessness is shown to be a crucial experience, whatever the respondents’ engagement. Secondly, ‘strategy scepticism’ seems to be a more important obstacle for engagement than ‘climate scepticism’. Thirdly, many respondents express significant resistance towards being ‘conditioned’ by awareness-raising campaigns. Fourthly, a ‘gap’ is observed between respondents’ analysis and their strategy proposals. Finally, we underscore another important gap between concrete and abstract levels in respondents’ discourses. All these findings disclose paradoxical aspects of the role of power in shaping the concerned citizens’ engaged choices.     

Creativity in Artistic Education: Introducing Artists into Primary Schools

Despite a more prominent role of arts education in the school curriculum, artistic creativity does not occur to a great extent in primary school practice. More opportunities for teachers to strengthen their know‐how in the field of artistic creativity can therefore be considered important. Arts education projects focus on pupils' development of creativity by means of introducing artists with their divergent working methods into primary schools. Beside fostering pupils' creative openness and skills, arts education organisations aim to transfer artistic enthusiasm to teachers in each project. Collaboration with artists can encourage teachers' artistic creative work. New working methods, techniques or ways of experimenting are more likely to be adopted in daily teaching practice when the project duration consists of several years. However, most projects are short‐lived and the means for a long‐term project policy are limited. Consequently, results in the area of sustainable outcomes concerning artistic creative work with teachers are limited. To create a long‐term view, the availability of financial resources is an important condition in order to realise a mentality change towards artistic creativity in education. Finally, continuing debate with several participants about making artistic creative work sustainable remains necessary.     

加强应急管理是维护高校稳定的根本所在

突发事件是影响高校稳定的突出问题。提高思想认识、理顺工作体制、强化应急管理,有效预防和积极应对突发事件,是当前高校迫在眉睫的管理大计,也是维护校园稳定、构建和谐校园的根本所在。