Solution of integral equations using a set of block pulse functions

A set of the block pulse functions is applied to solve the Fredholm's and the Volterra's integral equations of the second kind. An algebraic equation in matrix form which is equivalent to the solution of the integral equation is developed. The approximate results are easily obtained by a few computations. An accurate solution canbe evaluated in a digital computer by solving the algebraic equation. Two examples are given.     

Reduction of Transfer Functions by the Stability-Equation Method

A method of model reduction for reducing a high-order transfer function to its low-order models is introduced based upon the stability-equation method. The transfer functions of reduced orders are obtained directly from the pole-zero patterns of the stability-equations of the original transfer function. Comparisons with methods in the current literature are made. Extension of the proposed method to discrete systems is given.     

A class of generalized decision- feedback equalizers

An upper bound and a lower bound to the probability of error for data transmission systems using a decision-feedback equalizer, with error propagation effects taken into account, are presented. Numerical examples show that they are tight bounds.We introduce the concept of a generalized decision-feedback equalizer suggested by the form of the derived bounds. A subclass is studied and optimized numerically with the aid of the derived error probability bounds. The solution represents the best compromise achievable by that class between the output noise power and the output intersymbol interference due to error propagation. A numerical example is carried out in detail to illustrate the concept.     

Neuromuscular,biomechanical, and energetic adjustments following repeated bouts of downhill running

Purpose:This study used downhill running as a model to investigate the repeated bout effect(RBE) on neuromuscular performance,running biomechanics,and metabolic cost of running.Methods:Ten healthy recreational male runners performed two 30-min bouts of downhill running(DR1 and DR2) at a-20% slope and 2.8 m/s3 weeks apart.Neuromuscular fatigue,level running biomechanics during slow and fast running,and running economy parameters were recorded immediately before and after the downhill bouts,and at...     

Political and Legal Prerequisites for the Formation of the Modern Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Field of Higher Education

Interchange - This research is relevant, as higher professional education has a large-scale impact on civilisation, the level of social, socio-economic, technological development and has a powerful...     

Building a World-class Comprehensive,Innovative, Intelligent and Benchmarking Academic Library in an All-round Way: Summari- zing the Effectiveness of Peking University Library 2019-2022 Ac- tion Platform北大核心

2018年，北京大学图书馆于建馆120周年之际研究制定了面向2035年愿景的《北京大学图书馆2019—2022年行动纲领》。在《行动纲领》引领下，北京大学图书馆牢固树立“用户导向、服务至上”基本理念，坚持“固本应变、服务转型、综合改革、立杆引领”等重要方针，持续完善文献保障和信息服务体系，扎实推进图书馆治理体系和治理能力现代化，创新驱动图书馆事业现代化转型发展，开创了发展根基更坚实、新型服务更有效、综合改革更深入、引领作用更突出的崭新局面，基本建成了世界一流的综合性、创新型、智能化、标杆位大学图书馆。本文从固本培元、服务创新、人本改革、标杆引领四个方面对《行动纲领》实施以来的工作实绩和用户效用进行总结和述评，以期为业界提供借鉴和参考。参考文献4。     

Development and validation of perceptions of online interaction scale

The aim of this study was to develop a measurement instrument which is compatible with literature, of which validity and reliability are proved with the aim of determining interaction perceived by learners in online learning environments. Accordingly, literature review was made, and outline form of the scale was formed with item pool by taking 14 expert opinions. As a result of exploratory factor analysis of data obtained from participation of 177 learners from eight different universities, it was seen that the scale consisted of 30 items and 3 dimensions. These dimensions are learner–content interaction, learner–instructor interaction and learner–learner interaction. Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the whole scale was .95. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that fit indexes of the structure provided a good and acceptable fit. Based on these findings, Perceptions of Online Interaction Scale is a valid and reliable tool that may be used in measuring interaction occurring in online learning environments.