Student and teacher negotiations of racial identity in an Afro‐Ecuadorian region

In this article, using data collected primarily through interviews and observations the researcher explores how students and teachers of African descent at the Jaime Hurtado Academy understand and interpret race and racism in the city and province of Esmeraldas, which is the only region of the country where Afro‐Ecuadorians comprise the largest proportion of the population. The findings reveal that students often distanced themselves from their Blackness through racial mixture, and that parents played a critical socializing role in their students’ negotiations of racial identity. Additionally, it was found that teachers universally embraced their Blackness, although they simultaneously acknowledged their mixed racial ancestry. These findings contest literate understandings of race and ideological attempts by elites to exclude Afro‐Ecuadorians within the dominant discourse of national identity.     

Older-Learner Programs in Ohio: Policy and Practice Implications

This conceptual paper contributes to the scholarship on life-long learning programs at public universities. It investigates the unique relationship between these institutions and their state, utilizing Ohio as an illustrative example. A review of several university mission statements illuminates the responsibility of these institutions to their older-learner programs. Particular emphasis is placed on Over-60 programs, a university course audit program found in many states. Older learners face many barriers and challenges on college campuses because institutions struggle with limited resources and support for older-learner programs. This paper further encourages dialogue about the benefits of older learner programs.     

“Falling back” on natural law and prudence: A reply to souryal and potts

The following essay seeks to provide some of the details to which Souryal and Potts refer in their article in the spring 1993 issue of the Journal of Criminal Justice Education. In their desire to combat what they perceive to be a state of cultural illiteracy in the field of criminal justice ethics, Souryal and Potts recommend a revision of criminal justice curricula to include courses on the history of Western political philosophy. In the past masters of political philosophy, they hope to find an effective “fallback” position on questions of moral judgment and discretion. In the following essay I locate that position in the traditional Western theories of natural law and prudence.     

PROGRESS MONITORING WITH COMPUTER ADAPTIVE ASSESSMENTS: THE IMPACT OF DATA COLLECTION SCHEDULE ON GROWTH ESTIMATES

Although extensive research exists on the use of curriculum‐based measures for progress monitoring, little is known about using computer adaptive tests (CATs) for progress‐monitoring purposes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the frequency of data collection on individual and group growth estimates using a CAT. Data were available for 278 fourth‐ and fifth‐grade students. Growth estimates were obtained when five, three, and two data collections were available across 18 weeks. Data were analyzed by grade to evaluate any observed differences in growth. Further, root mean square error values were obtained to evaluate differences in individual student growth estimates across data collection schedules. Group‐level estimates of growth did not differ across data collection schedules; however, growth estimates for individual students varied across the different schedules of data collection. Implications for using CATs to monitor student progress at the individual or group level are discussed.     

Application of the neuromuscular fatigue threshold treadmill test to muscles of the quadriceps and hamstrings

PurposeThe purposes of the present study were: (1) to determine whether the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWC_FT) model that has been used for estimating the onset of neuromuscular fatigue in the vastus lateralis (VL) during incremental treadmill running could also be applied to the vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), and semitendinosus (ST) muscles; and (2) if applicable, to compare the running velocities associated with the PWC_FT among these muscles.MethodsEleven subjects (age 21.7 ± 1.8 years) performed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion with electromyographic signals recorded from the VL, VM, BF, and ST.ResultsThe results indicated there were no significant (p > 0.05) mean differences in the running velocities associated with the PWC_FT for the VL (14.4 ± 2.0 km/h), VM (14.3 ± 1.9 km/h), BF (13.8 ± 1.8 km/h), and ST (14.7 ± 2.3 km/h). In addition, there were significant inter-correlations (r = 0.68–0.88) among running velocities associated with the PWC_FT of each muscle. Individual results also indicated that 9 of the 11 subjects exhibited identical PWC_FT values for at least 3 of the 4 muscles, but there were no uniform patterns for any intra-individual differences.ConclusionThe findings of the present study suggested that the PWC_FT test is a viable method to identify neuromuscular fatigue in the quadriceps and hamstrings during incremental treadmill exercise and results in consistent PWC_FT values among these muscles.