Effects of Exercise and Milk Consumption on Blood Serum Cholesterol in Rats

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of exercise on blood cholesterol and correlated those effects with estimates of body fat through experiments with 45 albino weanling rats (15 litter mate trios). The rats were confined to individual cages in a temperature-controlled room and fed a stock diet until they were 11 weeks old. At this time the trios were divided. Group A was continued on a stock diet and exercised for an hour in the morning and an hour in the afternoon by forced swimming. Group B was subjected to the same exercise but a portion of the stock diet was replaced with powdered whole milk, so that 30 percent of the caloric intake was derived from the whole milk supplement. Group C was fed the stock diet but activity was restricted. After 15 weeks blood samples were taken, the animals sacrificed, and the heart and adrenals weighed. The specific gravity of the carcass was also determined. Exercise resulted in a statistically significant decrease in total and free blood serum cholesterol concentration. These animals were also leaner and had larger hearts and adrenal glands. Serum cholesterol was negatively related to carcass specific gravity. The milk supplement had no significant effect on any of these measures. Several possible explanations for the effects of exercise on blood cholesterol are discussed.     

From explorers to evangelists: Archivists, recordkeeping, and remembering in the pacific islands

With a central focus on thecultural contexts of Pacific island societies,this essay examines the entanglement ofcolonial power relations in local recordkeepingpractices. These cultural contexts include theon-going exchange between oral and literatecultures, the aftermath of colonialdisempowerment and reassertion of indigenousrights and identities, the difficulty ofmaintaining full archival systems in isolated,resource-poor micro-states, and the drivinginfluence of development theory. The essayopens with a discussion of concepts ofexploration and evangelism in cross-culturalanalysis as metaphors for archival endeavour. It then explores the cultural exchanges betweenoral memory and written records, orality, andliteracy, as means of keeping evidence andremembering. After discussing the relation ofrecords to processes of political and economicdisempowerment, and the reclaiming of rightsand identities, it returns to the patterns ofarchival development in the Pacific region toconsider how archives can better integrate intotheir cultural and political contexts, with theaim of becoming more valued parts of theircommunities.     

Supporting the development of the bilingual lexicon through translanguaging: a realist review integrating psycholinguistics with educational sciences

European Journal of Psychology of Education - In this review, we evaluate the claim that translanguaging in the classroom supports the development of the bilingual lexicon by enhancing...     

Transition of students with autistic spectrum disorders from primary to post‐primary school: a framework for success

The purpose of this research was to investigate best practice in relation to the planning, process and strategies that support the transition of students with ASD from primary to post‐primary school. A questionnaire survey was sent to graduates of a postgraduate Certificate/Diploma in SEN (ASD) in Ireland who were working in primary and post‐primary schools. Findings included strong oral communication between schools, transition programmes in many post‐primary schools, a variety of generic and ASD specific strategies in both primary and post‐primary schools and a large number of personnel involved in the transition process. Analysis of findings and current literature enabled the researchers to propose a framework that the Department of Education and Skills, support agencies and schools may use to examine practice in order to enhance the transition programmes based on students' needs, the profile of the school and its community.