Effectiveness of school‐based universal social,emotional, and behavioral programs: Do they enhance students’ development in the area of skill,behavior, and adjustment?

To answer the question of whether teaching social and emotional skills to foster social–emotional development can help schools extend their role beyond the transfer of knowledge, the authors conducted a meta‐analytical review of 75 recently published studies that reported the effects of universal, school‐based social, emotional, and/or behavioral (SEB) programs. The analyzed interventions had a variety of intended outcomes, but the increase in social skills and decrease in antisocial behavior were most often reported. Although considerable differences in efficacy exist, the analysis demonstrated that overall beneficial effects on all seven major categories of outcomes occurred: social skills, antisocial behavior, substance abuse, positive self‐image, academic achievement, mental health, and prosocial behavior. Generally, immediate effects were stronger than delayed effects, with the exception of substance abuse, which showed a sleeper effect. Limitations of the analysis and moderators of the effectiveness of SEB programs in schools are discussed in the final section of the article.     

数据库建筑：对可能性艺术的人类学考察

康斯坦特.纽文惠斯的＂新巴比伦＂作为一种富有远见的建筑设计方案在赛博空间理论方面有重要发现,成为当今重组城市化与数据库建筑的典型案例。数据库建筑概念不只是一种信息论的体现,更重要的是代表了一种面向未来的智能环境建筑理念。数据库建筑借助计算机辅助设计手段,意味着建筑发展趋向无限可能的艺术形式,并促成完全虚拟的建筑设计和建造,可能让人们居住在赛博空间,居住在完全由信息构造的建筑物里。人在本性上的有限、自由、游戏、无家可归成为重审＂新巴比伦＂、正视数据库建筑的重要基础。     

“挺身式”跳远名称造成的误解——兼谈“挺身式”跳远教学方法

对“挺身式”跳远名称的形成和技术特点的改正,以及易产生的错误动作等方面加以分析,提出教学中的注意点和改变“挺身式”跳远名称的建议。     

Selection and Elimination of Candidates in Counselor Education Programs

This study compared actual with ideal procedures in the selection and elimination of candidates in counselor education programs. A two-factor analysis for each category (selection and elimination) resulted in some significant differences (p< .001) between the actual and ideal procedures in both selection and elimination. The criteria for actual and ideal procedures in the selection and elimination of candidates were also treated by t tests, with highly significant differences (p<.075 to p<.0005) found on some of the criteria.     

A COMMENT ON McCAULEY AND COLBERG'S CONCEPTION OF CROSS-CULTURAL TRANSPORTABILITY OF TESTS

Recently McCauley and Colberg described a theory of transportability, an approach to devising test items for cross-cultural comparative research that are free from unwanted cultural effects. They also provided data to demonstrate the feasibility of their approach. In this comment it is argued that the transportability notion resembles earlier cross-cultural work and does not add new insights into the vexed problem of cross-cultural comparison. It is also stated that McCauley and Colberg's statistical checks do not preclude the possibility of bias.     

From sailing boat to steamship: the role of the publisher in an open access environment

The Internet has been a huge success in the academic world, as it makes it possible for academics to share and find research materials; open access has therefore become a fact of life for academic publishing. But what is the role of publishers in this new environment? The key functions of publishing – organizing peer review, editorial support, graphic design, marketing, and distribution of academic information – do not just disappear; publishers still have a role here, but they need to take a more service‐minded perspective. Academics still need to find ways to ensure the dissemination of their output; it is important that they realize that this will cost money, whether it is brought in‐house or outsourced. The IMISCOE project, on which Amsterdam University Press has recently embarked, offers an entirely new publishing model oriented towards online dissemination of academic research results, as well as in book form.     

The Academy and the Engineering Sciences: An Unwelcome Royal Gift

On 19 March 1900, at the bicentenary celebrations of the Prussian Academy of Sciences, Kaiser Wilhelm II established three new fellowships in engineering sciences. This was in many aspects an unwanted gift, and one which tested the Academys relationship between pure and applied science. In the context of contemporary struggles between traditional and modern knowledge, this paper shows how the Academy confronted the newly emerging engineering sciences, and how it resolved a potential challenge in ways that ensured its continuing autonomy.